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RGA法克隆NBS-LRR类抗病基因同源序列及其在葫芦科作物上应用的研究进展

2014-04-29薛莹莹孙守如孙德玺邓云朱迎春刘君璞

中国瓜菜 2014年3期

薛莹莹 孙守如 孙德玺 邓云 朱迎春 刘君璞

摘 要: RGA克隆法是利用抗病基因产物的保守结构域人工设计简并引物,以植物gDNA或cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增而克隆植物抗病基因同源序列的方法。随着各种植物基因组测序计划的完成及计算机和生物信息学的发展,植物抗病基因的克隆取得了很大进展,目前人们已经从植物中克隆得到100多个抗病基因。研究表明,大多数抗病基因都存在NBS-LRR、STK、LZ、TIR等功能保守的结构域,其中大部分都为NBS-LRR类型,利用NBS-LRR保守结构域设计PCR引物已经从植物中扩增出大量的RGA。简要综述了已克隆NBS-LRR类抗病基因的结构特点和功能、RGA法克隆NBS-LRR类抗病基因同源序列及其在葫芦科作物上应用的研究进展,并探讨其未来的发展与应用。

关键词: RGA; NBS-LRR; 抗病基因; 西瓜; 甜瓜; 黄瓜

Cloning of NBS-LRR-encoding Resistance Gene Analogues Using RGA Approach and the Advance in Cucurbit Crops

XUE Ying-ying1,2, SUN Shou-ru1, SUN De-xi2, DENG Yun2, ZHU Ying-chun2, LIU Jun-pu2

(1. College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; 2. Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, CAAS, Zhengzhou, Henan 450009, China)

Abstracts: As majority resistance genes encode a highly conserved protein domain,RGA approach is a method of using the conserved protein domain design degenerate primers to clone resistance gene analogs from plant gDNA or cDNA. With the assembling of genome sequence in various plant species and the development of bioinformatics,the cloning of plant disease resistance genes have made great progress,more than 100 resistance genes have been cloned. Related studies showed that majority of plant disease resistance genes encode a conserved NBS-LRR,STK,LZ,TIR functional structure and majority of them belonging to NBS-LRR class. Using conserved NBS-LRR-encoding domain to design degenerate primer has amplified a number of RGA. In this article,the structure characteristics and function of NBS-LRR-encoding resistance genes and the advance in cloning NBS-LRR-encoding resistance genes using RGA approach and application in cucurbit crops has been reviewed and its future development and application has also been discussed.

Key words: RGA; NBS-LRR; Resistance gene; Watermelon; Melon; Cucumber

植物在生长发育过程中均会受到病虫不同程度的侵害,其中包括细菌、真菌、病毒、线虫、螨虫和昆虫。在与有害生物的长期抗争中,植物逐渐进化出了一系列复杂的防御机制来保护自己,一类是依靠简单的物理屏障和化学反应,另一类则是基于1971年Flor提出的“基因对基因假说”,在植物和侵染病原物之间产生复杂的生化反应,其中植物抗病基因(R基因)在识别病原物无毒基因Avr产生的蛋白效应子中起重要作用[1]。自从1992年Johal等[2]克隆得到第一个抗病基因——玉米抗圆斑病基因Hm1后,目前人们已经从植物中克隆得到100多个抗病基因[3]。基于抗病基因中功能保守结构域,可从广义上将植物抗病基因至少分为5类:第1类以玉米HM1基因为代表,编码HC-毒素还原酶,目前只有HM1基因1个;……

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