昭宗与唐末文坛
2014-04-29徐乐军
徐乐军
[摘要]昭宗通过整治科场不公,希望选拔儒学忠贞之士为其所用,但其整治行动不过是治标不治本的临时之举,难免人亡政息。较之于父、兄(懿、僖二帝),昭宗个人品格强之数倍,其行实对于韩偓等人的创作起了正面积极的影响,其他文坛创作,即使有细枝末节上的批评也是出自于爱深恨切的忠心。昭宗《菩萨蛮》诸词,深受唐末文坛词作兴盛风尚影响,并首将家国兴亡之感写入,下启李煜,文学史意义不容低估。遇弑后,限于恐怖时代氛围,文坛未能形成口诛笔伐的讨逆行动,但忠义之士,如韦庄、罗隐、韩偓等人,仍发出了正义的呐喊。昭宗与唐末文坛的互动与关联,显示出其人格品行的正面影响价值。
[关键词]昭宗;科场整治;文坛风尚;《菩萨蛮》词
[中图分类号]I2062[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1000-3541(2014)03-0007-07
Abstract: Zhao Zong through regulation since the injustice, hope selection Confucianism of loyalty and chastity for its use, but the campaign is only temporary stopgap, is that. Compared with father and brother Yi, Xi two times of emperor, Zhao Zong character strong, the real for the creation of Han Wo, played a positive impact, other literary creation even with all the minor details of criticismalso from a love hate cutting deep loyalty. Zhao Zong Pusa of theword, by the end of the Tang Dynasty literary words for the prosperity ofthe country and the first fashion, a sense of the rise and fall into, and Li Yu, the significance of literary history should not be underestimated. In case of murder, limited to terrorist atmosphere of the times, literaturehas not formed for inverse action condemn both in speech and in writing,but loyalty such as Weizhuang, Luo Yin, Han Wo et al., still gave out just loud cry. Interaction and correlation of Zhao Zong and late Tang Dynasty literature, indicate the positive influence the personality value, worth.
Key words:Zhao Zong; Hall renovation; literary creation and fashion; Pusa word
[收稿日期]2014-02-25
[基金项目]广东省普通高校人文社会科学项目“晚唐文人仕进心态” (10WYXM018)系列研究成果。
唐昭宗李晔由权宦杨复恭拥立,在位16年,天复四年(904年)为朱全忠所弑。尽管当时唐王朝内有权阉,外有强藩,衰亡之势已显,但昭宗登基时,忠义之士仍对其充满期待。《旧唐书·昭宗纪》记载:“帝攻书好文,尤重儒术,神气雄俊,有会昌之遗风。以先朝威武不振,国命寝微,而尊礼大臣,详延道术,意在恢张旧业,号令天下。即位之始,中外称之。”[1](p735)《资治通鉴》卷第二百五十七“文德元年”:“昭宗即位,体貌明粹,有英气,喜文学,以僖宗威令不振,朝廷日卑,有恢复前烈之志,尊礼大臣,梦想贤豪,践祚之始,中外忻忻焉。……
