刘振兴 赖信舟 赖玉玲 杨静 罗梓栅 刘星旦 张卓文

摘要：在湖北省崇阳县桂花林场，调查毛竹的母竹特性对新竹与地下鞭生长的影响，结果表明：3年母竹发笋多于1年与2年母竹；胸径>4 cm及胸径2～4 cm母竹发笋均多于胸径<2 cm母竹发笋；栽植4年的母竹发笋多于栽植3年、2年及1年的母竹；1年鞭的母竹发笋多于2年与3年生鞭的母竹。不同年龄的鞭长与鞭重所占比例依次排列为：壮龄鞭>幼龄鞭>老龄鞭；在以母竹为中心的15 m范围内，竹鞭上的壮芽数、弱芽数、笋芽数及休眠芽数依次为7486，2110，5668个及868个，分别占总芽数的2464%，1398%，2688%及319%。壮芽比例越高，说明地下鞭系统活力越旺盛。毛竹造林时要对母竹特性予以高度重视以提高造林成活率与增加来年新竹数目。

关键词：毛竹；移栽；立竹；鞭系统

中图分类号：S795.9文献标识码：A文章编号：1004-3020（2014）03-0032-04

Effect of Characteristics of Maternal Bamboo on Growth of Phyllostachys pubescens

Liu Zhenxing（1）Lai Xinzhou（2，4）Lai Yuling（2）Yang Jing（3）Luo Zishan （2）Liu Xingdan（2）Zhang Zhuowen （2）

（1.Chongyang County Guihua Forest Farm Administrative BureauXianning737547；2.College of horticulture and

forestry，Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070；3.Hubei Vocational College of Biotechnology

Wuhan430070；4.Wuhan Botanical Garden，Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430074）

Abstract： On Phyllostachys heterocycla stands planted in recent years located at Guihua Forest Farm Administrative Bureau， a research has been carried out into effect of characteristics of mother bamboo on both new bamboo and rhizome after transplanted. The results showed that new bamboo shoots of 3-year-old maternal bamboo were more than those of 1-year-old and 2-year-old mother bamboo； New bamboo shoots of both DBH>4 cm and DBH 2～4 cm maternal bamboo were more than that of DBH<2 cm mother bamboo； New bamboo shoots of the maternal bamboo transplanted for 4 years was more than those of transplanted for 3-year-old， 2-year-old and 1-year-old； New bamboo shoots of 1-year-old rhizome were more than those of 2-year-old and 3-year-old rhizome； The ratio of new bamboo shoots of strong rhizome， young age rhizome and old age rhizome in the bamboo rhizome system were arranged in order that strong rhizome > young rhizome age > old rhizome age； Taking maternal bamboo as center， the number of weak buds， shoot buds and dormancy buds on 1.5mlength rhizome were 7486， 21.10， 56.68 and 8.68 respectively， and the ratio of weak buds， shoot buds and dormancy buds of the total number of buds was 24.64%， 13.98%， 26.88% and 3.19% respectively. The higher proportion of strong buds was， the more vitality of rhizome system was. The characteristics of maternal bamboo should be taken care of when afforestation of Phyllostachys heterocycla.

Key words：Phyllostachys heterocycla；transplant；bamboo stem；rhizome

毛竹Phyllostachys heterocycla是重要的材用与笋用竹种，具有生长快、周期短、产量高、用途广、固碳功能强等诸多优点 [1-5 ]。湖北是毛竹林的主要产区之一，在毛竹生产中存在许多问题，如移栽时母竹难于成活，造林后不能如期满园，林分密度不适宜，竹林生产力低下，地下鞭系统缺少养护 [3-8 ]。

在湖北省桂花林场管理局进行标准株与标准地调查，研究母竹的不同特性（如不同胸径、不同年龄、不同种植年份、不同鞭龄及不同竹鞭类型）对发笋数量与质量的影响，进一步了解与掌握毛竹的基础生物学特性，为竹林的高产稳产林与可持续经营提供科学依据。

1材料与方法

1.1试验区自然概况

试验林位于崇阳县湖北省桂花林场理局，东经114°87′989″，北纬32°70′002″，海拔215 m。属亚热带地区，气候温和，日照充足，四季分明，年平均气温166 ℃，极端最高气温407 ℃，极端最低气温-149 ℃，无霜期259天，年平均降雨量1 395 mm。属低山丘……