一年生西南桦无性系生长情况初步调查
2014-04-29杨利华张建珠童清唐红燕彭家萍李倩许丽萍
杨利华 张建珠 童清 唐红燕 彭家萍 李倩 许丽萍
摘要:对云南省德宏州、普洱市选出的西南桦优树进行组培,培育出4个无性系苗木,以普洱无性系为对照,开展西南桦的山地造林试验,每月定时观察记录,并进行分析。分析结果表明:4个无性系幼树的1年树高、径粗生长呈现为生长缓慢期、速生期、缓慢期3个阶段,生长高峰集中在5~8月;西南桦无性系2号与其它3个无性系之间达到极显著差异,生长最快,适应性强,可作为普洱当地造林的候选优良繁殖材料进一步试验观测。
关键词:西南桦;无性系;生长节律;保存率
中图分类号:S718.43文献标识码:A文章编号:1004-3020(2014)03-0009-03
Preliminary Investigation of Growth Status of OneYearOld Betula alnoides Clones
Yang LihuaZhang JianzhuTong QingTang HongyanPeng Jiaping Li QianXu Liping
(Puer City Forestry Research InstitutePuer665000)
Abstract: Using the superior trees of Betula alnoides, we have conducted tissue culture in Dehong autonomous prefecture and Puer city, and 4 clonal seedlings was acquired. We carried out the experiment of Betula alnoides mountainous afforestation using Puer clone as control; The growth status was observed and recorded monthly, and analysised at last. The results showed that the height and diameter growth of four clones of oneyearold young trees showed three stages of slow growth stage, rapid growth stage, and slow growth stage. The growth peak stage was from May to August. NO2 clone was significantly superior to three other clones of Betula alnoides. It can be used as superior propagation materials as local afforestation in Puer city because of its fast growth and good adaptability.
Key words:Betula alnoides; Clone; growth rhythm;preservaion rate
西南桦Betula alnoides是中国热带、南亚热带地区优良速生乡土用材林树种和高效的生态公益林树种,西南桦喜暖热气候,冬季落叶,能耐一定程度的低温和霜冻,其分布中心是热带北缘和南亚热带,海拔可达200~2 800 m,在湿润的常绿阔叶林区生长最好。西南桦对土壤适应性较广,以砖红壤性红壤、山地红壤、红黄壤、黄壤为主。要求土壤湿润而透水良好\[1\]。西南桦生长快,抗性强,材质优,价值高,其木材用途广泛、特别适宜用作地板条、室内装修材、家具材,也是人造板的装饰面板的优良用材,其良好的绝缘性、能耐高压,用作变压器线圈木芯,可保持变压器油的纯净。因此,又成为优良的电器专用材。此外,西南桦木材也是优良的造纸和纤维板原料。树皮单宁含量为696%,纯度为5766%,可作为栲胶原料。树皮芳香,可提取水杨酸\[2\]。西南桦木材自20世纪80年代推向市场后,20多年来一直热销不衰、供不应求、其价格一直保持在普通松树的2倍以上\[3\]。……
