草鱼♀×鳡♂F1代胚胎发育及胚后发育研究
2014-04-29余来宁等
余来宁等
摘要 [目的] 为草鱼杂交育种提供参考。[方法] 用草鱼卵与鳡精子进行人工杂交, 观察和记录杂交后代胚胎与胚后发育情况。[结果]杂交一代的平均受精率、孵化率和成活率分别为(75.8±6.2)%、(41.9±8.2)%和(9.3±3.7)%。在水温20.1~21.6 ℃下,受精卵经34 h 25 min孵化。初孵仔鱼全长(5.8±0.12)mm,出膜3~4 d开始摄食轮虫和藻类。经65 d培育发育成幼鱼,鳞片出齐,全长(74.0±2.1)mm。[结论]草鱼♀×鳡♂F1代胚胎发育介于双亲之间,其形态与母本草鱼相似,生长比草鱼快,与父本鳡相近。
关键词 草鱼;鳡;杂交;胚胎发育;胚后发育
中图分类号 S965.112 文献标识码
A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)20-06639-07
Research on Embryonic and Postembryonic Development of the Hybrid (Ctenopharyngodon idellus ♀×Elopichthys bambusa ♂)
YU Laining et al (College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056)
Abstract [Objective] The purpose was to provide a reference for crossbreeding of grass carp.[Method] We conducted hybridization between Ctenopharyngodon idellus(♀) and Elopichthys bambusa (♂) by artificial methods.The process of embryo and postembryonic development were observed and recorded.[ Result] The fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival rate of the hybrid F1 were(75.8±6.2)% ,(41.9±8.2)% and (9.3±3.7)%, respectively.At the water temperature of 20.1-21.6 ℃,the larvae hatched out on about the 34 h 25min after fertilization.The whole length of newlyhatched larvae of the hybrid F1 was(5.8±0.12)mm.The larvae could feed rotifer and unicellular algae after 3 or 4 days hatching.Postembryonic development of the hybrid at the formation of scales, lasted for 65 days, when the young was (74.0±2.1) mm in whole length.[Conclusion] The embryonic development of hybrid F1 was intermediate to their parents, the form of the hybrid F1 was similar to that of their female line of grass carp and the growth rate of larva was faster than grass carp similar to that of their paternal fish.
Key words Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus); Elopichthys bambusa; Hybridization; Embryonic development; Postembryonic development
草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和鳡(Elopichthys bambusa)均属于鲤形目、鲤科、雅罗鱼亚科,分属草鱼属和鳡属。草鱼为草食性鱼类,肉味鲜、生长快、养殖成本低,是我国重要的淡水养殖的对象,产量在世界淡水养殖种类中居第二位。但是,草鱼抗病力差,鱼种成活率低,严重影响了养殖业的发展。为了提高草鱼的抗病力,自20世纪60年代以来,我国科技人员以草鱼作为亲本开展了大量的人工杂交育种试验,包括3个属间杂交和7个亚科间杂交[1]。但未能成功培育出抗病草鱼品种。
鳡是典型的凶猛性鱼类,以活鱼为食,具有生长快、个体大、抗病力强、肉质坚实、味道鲜美、营养丰富等优点,是具有较高经济价值的上等食用鱼类,在历史上曾被当作“害鱼”被清除。目前,由于自然资源急剧下降,天然鳡远远不能满足市场需求,近年来在我国南方许多地区相继开展鳡的人工繁殖和养殖,鳡已逐步成为新型的养殖对象。
鳡与草鱼的亲緣关系较近,二者许多性状存在优势互补。……
