基于翻译市场的翻译审校现状探析
2013-03-31李敬科
李敬科
(浙江旅游职业学院外语系,浙江 杭州 311231)
一、引言
随着中国对外交往的不断深入,作为跨文化交流桥梁的翻译发挥着越来越重要的作用。但目前翻译市场现状却令人堪忧。以公示语翻译为例,我国各地的公示语英译中错误和不规范现象目前随处可见,极易使外国人产生误解。根据王琳 “对公示语理解的干扰因素”的问卷调查分析,有30%的受访者认为干扰最多的是来自于不同的文化背景知识的缺失,还有30%的受访者认为是“词的误用”,17.5%的受访者认为“不规范”,另外有12.5% 的受访者认为是“拼写和语法错误”。[1]是何原因导致这样的结果?这种结果的出现是不是要全部归咎于译者的语言素质不高或者责任感不强?翻译流程中最核心的步骤为翻译与审校,因此,在目前情况下,要保证翻译质量,除了循序渐渐地提高翻译人才素质之外,对译稿实行严格的审校也十分必要。因此,本文在对国内翻译市场考察的基础上,对国内翻译审校现状进行探析。
二、翻译审校的定义、目标与原则
1.翻译审校定义
在翻译实践中,翻译审校 (translation checking)与翻译校对(translation proofreading)和翻译校订(translation editing)相互混淆。因此区分这三者的关系,有助于弄清楚翻译审校的定义。南非翻译协会指出:虽然翻译审校与翻译校对常常相提并论,但二者间的不同是明显的,并给出翻译校对与翻译校订的定义:
Proofreading means checking a typeset version of a document against the original manuscript to ensure that the typeset version contains everything in good order.The proofreader makes virtually no changes to the text itself.Proofreading is done near the end of a publishing process…Editing means improving a text so that it puts the writer’s message across in the best way.Editing should be done near the beginning of a publishing process.Editors look at grammar and spelling,but their job extends beyond this.Editors have to determine what the writer is trying to say,how he or she is saying it,whether the message is clear and the arguments are logical,whether the language and style are consistent and appropriate,and even whether the text is well-structured and flows properly.If the original document is poorly written,the edited version may end up looking quite different.(South African Translators’Institute 2007)
根据以上定义,翻译校对只对译文版式进行调整,以保持与原文排版一致,而不对原文文本进行改动。翻译审校则是将译文与原文进行比对,以保证原文意思的准确表述与传达。……