平顶山市1961—2009年蒸发量的变化特征及影响因子分析
2011-07-05张彩英董怀英李戈张宏昌
张彩英 董怀英 李戈 张宏昌
摘要利用平顶山市1961—2009年蒸发量及温度、日照时数、风速、水汽压等资料,初步分析了平顶山市蒸发量的年代(际)、年、季、月的变化特征、趋势及引起蒸发量变化的因子。结果表明:平顶山市年代、年、季和月蒸发量均存在明显的下降趋势,偏少趋势主要表现在春、夏2季,其中6月偏少趋势最明显;影响蒸发量变化的主要因子有温度、日照、风速、水汽压等,蒸发量与日照时数、平均风速呈显著正相关,与温度、水汽压呈负相关,它们是造成蒸发量变化的主要因子。
关键词蒸发量;变化特征;影响因子;河南平顶山;1969—2009年
中图分类号P332.2;P467文献标识码A文章编号 1007-5739(2010)24-0013-02
AnalysisonVariationCharacteristicsandInfluenceFactorsofEvaporativeCapacityinPingdingshanfrom1961to2009
ZHANG Cai-ying 1DONG Huai-ying 1LI Ge 1ZHANG Hong-chang 2
(1 Pingdingshan Weather Bureau,Pingdingshan Henan 467001; 2 Wugang Weather Bureau)
AbstractBased on evaporation and temperature,sunshine duration and wind speed,vapor pressure and other materials in pingdingshan from 1961 to 2009,the analysis have been made about the inter-annual,annual,seasonal and monthly variation characteristics,tendency and factors causing of evaporative capacity variation. The results showed that the inter-annual,annual,seasonal and monthly evaporative capacity showed the decreasing trend mainly in spring and summer and the most sensitive month was June. The main factors that affect evaporative capacity changes were temperature,sunlight,wind speed,vapor pressure and so on,evaporative capacity was positively correlated with sunshine duration and average wind speed,but negatively correlated with temperature,vapor pressure,this showed that they were the main factors causing evaporative capacity variation.
Key wordsevaporative capacity;variation characteristics;influence factors;Pingdingshan Henan;1961-2009
随着人类活动和自然因素的综合影响,大范围气候异常现象不断出现,气候变化已成为国内外科学界关注的热点问题之一。气候变化使全球水资源供给条件发生改变,进而影响到生态环境和社会经济的发展。蒸发是影响水循环的一个重要因子,是地表热量平衡、水量平衡的组成部分,它不仅可增加空气湿度、提高最低温度,还可降低最高温度,起到调节气候的作用。蒸发对大气环流和降水均有着重要的作用。因此,进行蒸发量变化的研究,对深入了解气候变化规律及探讨气候变化的原因具有十分重要的意义[1]。
当全球平均气温升高时,人们通常会认为空气将变得干燥,蒸发量也会随之增加,但通过对平顶山市近49年蒸发量分析发现,蒸发量存在显著下降的趋势。左洪超等[2]结合我国观测实况分析指出:蒸发量是多环境因子共同非线性相互作用的结果。……