黄荣华

(武汉理工大学 政治与行政学院，湖北 武汉 430063)

新农村建设中投资主体及其行为特征研究
——以武汉市H村家园建设为例

黄荣华

(武汉理工大学 政治与行政学院，湖北 武汉 430063)

资金投入是直接决定新农村建设进展和成效的重大理论和现实问题。从武汉市H村的“家园建设”来看，政府和农民是新农村建设资金投入的主体，以政府公共财政投入为主，农民支出为辅；公共财政投入以基础设施建设为重点，农民的资金来源由家庭储蓄和私人借贷组成，其支出以家庭消费为主，二者各有侧重，相辅相成，共同推动了新农村建设的进程。但是由于政府的投资从决策到实施都是“自上而下”、大包大揽，造成农民缺乏积极性，普遍存在一种看客心态。新农村建设若要提高投资效率，迫切需要政府在项目决策和项目实施上加大农民的参与力度；同时，政府和农民均应优化投资结构，加大农村“软件”建设的投入力度。

新农村建设；投资主体；行为特征；政府；农民

Abstract:Investment is an important theoretical and practical problem to the progress and effect of the new countryside construction. Several investigations and non-structure interviews of “H” Village in Wuhan indicate that the investment subjects include government and farmers, which drive the process of the new rural construction. The fund is mainly relying on the expenditure of public finance by the government which is focusing on infrastructure construction. Farmers’expenditure is mainly about their household consumption which is from domestic savings and private borrowings.Because the government has undertaken everything from decisions to implementation in government's investment, the farmers are lack of enthusiasm .The government has an urgent need for increasing the participation of the farmers in project policy and project implementation to improve the efficiency .At the same time, the government and the farmers should optimize investment structure and greater priority would be given to the "software" construction.

Key words:the new countryside construction; investment subject; behavior characteristics; government; farmers

一、问题的提出

2005年10月，中共十六届五中全会正式作出在全国建设社会主义新农村的部署，提出了“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”20 字方针和若干要求。2006年中央一号文件锁定其为主题。其后，各地纷纷加快推进社会主义新农村建设的进程。在关涉新农村建设进展和成效的诸多因素中，关键因素之一是新农村建设的资金投入问题。无论是从理论还是从实践上看，新农村建设的投资主体应该多元化，其中以政府公共财政投入为主。……