王小英

◆词汇、短语大看台：

【易混词语辨析】

1. say, speak, talk

(1) say, speak和talk均有“说”之意，但用法不同。

say一般作及物动词，强调说话的内容。例如：

Tom says, “I like art.”

(2) speak一般作不及物动词，指说话的能力，不强调说话的内容。speak也可作及物动词，其后常接表示语言的名词作宾语。例如：

The baby is only four months old and he cant speak. 这婴儿只有四个月，他不会说话。

I can speak English. 我会说英语。

(3) talk一般作不及物动词，着重指与人交谈，不强调内容。后跟介词to或with时意为“与……谈话”，后跟介词about时意为“谈论某事”。例如：

My mother is talking to / with our English teacher. 我妈妈正在和我们英语老师讲话。

They often talk about movies. 他们经常谈论电影。

2. across, through

across 和through作介词时都有“穿过”的意思，但二者的用法有区别。

(1) across 多表示从某一平面“横过”，强调从一边到另一边。例如：

Look left and right before you go across the street. 过马路前要左右看。

(2) through多表示从某一空间“通过”。例如：The river runs through our city. 这条河流经我们市。

3. kind

kind作名词时意为“种类”，但值得注意的是kind of = a little, 意为“有几分，有点儿”，在非正式英语中(尤其是在美式英语中)常用作副词，后接形容词、动词等。例如：

Im kind of tired. 我有点儿累。

She kind of hopes to go there. 她有点儿想去那儿。

而a kind of意为“……的一种，有点儿”，在非正式英语中表示不确切的事情。例如：

She has a kind of feeling that she will get a letter from her pen pal today. 她隐约感觉到她今天会收到笔友的信。

4. wear, put on

wear是及物动词,表示“穿、戴”的状态。put on是由“动词+副词”构成的动词短语,表示“穿、戴”的动作,当宾语是名词时,名词放在on的前后均可；当宾语是代词时,代词只能放在on的前面。例如：

He is wearing a red sweater. 他穿着一件红色的毛衣。

Put on your hat. = Put your hat on. 戴上你的帽子。

This is your new shirt. Put it on. (不能说Put on it.) 这是你的新衬衫， 穿上吧。

5. wait

wait和 wait for都有“等待”的意思。wait为不及物动词，不能直接带宾语。若表示“等待某人或某物”时，要用wait for。例如：

Please wait at the bus station. 请在车站等。

Please wait for me at the school gate. 请在学校门口等我。

6. look at, see, watch

look, see和watch三个动词都有“看”的意思。

(1) look表示有意识地看，强调“看”的动作，可以用进行时态。它是不及物动词，如果表示“看……”，要和介词at连用，后跟宾语。例如：

Look! Thats a car. 看！那是一辆小汽车。

May I have a look at your new book? 我可以看看你的新书吗？

(2) see意为“看得见”， 强调“看”的结果，一般不能用进行时态。例如：

Its too dark. I cant see it. 太暗了，我看不见它。

Can you see the pictures? 你能看见那些画吗？

(3) watch意为“观看；注视”，含有“注视”的意思，如收看电视、球赛、各种表演等。例如：

Do you watch TV every day? 你每天看电视吗？

Watch what I do and how I do it. 仔细观察我做些什么以及如何做的。

The students are watching a football game. 学生们正在看球赛。

【跟踪训练】

选用所给词的正确形式填空。

say, speak, talk

1. Does Wang Lin ______ English?

2. Please ______ it in Chinese.

3. I want to _____ with your parents about your study.

across, through

4. Go ______ the bridge.

5. Lets walk ______ the village.

kind of, a kind of

6. It is ______ animal with long ears.

7. Tony ______ likes his new sweater.

wear, put on

8. Linda ______ a red hat today. She looks beautiful.

9. _______ the coat, Jack. Its cold outside.

10. In winter we need to ______ warm clothes.

wait, wait for

11. Time and tide ______ no man.

12. Dont ______ here.

look at, see, watch

13. ______ the blackboard, please.

14. Can you _____ the trees?

15. They often _____ a basketball match.

【重点短语小结】

1. like to do sth. / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

两者均意为“喜欢做某事”，区别在于前者意为“某一次喜欢做某事”，后者意为“经常喜欢做某事或习惯性动作”。例如：

I like reading newspaper, but I dont like to read it today because I am too tired. 我喜欢看报纸，但今天不喜欢看，因为我太累了。

2. in front of / in the front of在……前面

in front of与in the front of 都表示“在……前面”，in front of指在物体外部的前面，而in the front of指在物体内部的前面。例如：

The girl is standing in front of the bus. 这个女孩站在公共汽车前面。（在车外）

The girl is standing in the front of the bus. 这个女孩站在公共汽车的前部。(在车内)

3. have fun 玩得高兴

have fun (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事很有意思/乐趣”，相当于have a good time。例如：

They have fun (in) swimming in the sea. 他们在海里游泳玩得很高兴。

4. arrive in / at 到达

arrive in 后接大地点；arrive at 后接小地点。当后接副词时，介词应省略。例如：

What time does the plane arrive in New York? 飞机何时抵达纽约？

We arrived at the station at 8 oclock last night. 我们昨晚八点钟到达车站。

My parents arrived home at ten in the evening. 我父母晚上十点到家。（home可为副词）5. take a walk散步

take a walk = have a walk = go for a walk = go out for a walk，注意此词组walk前的a不能省略。例如：

We usually take a walk after meals. 我们通常饭后散步。

6. a few 少数的

a few修饰复数可数名词，表示肯定意义，注意没有不定冠词a时，表示否定意义；而a little修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义，没有不定冠词a时则表示否定意义。例如：

She has a few books. 她有几本书。

She has few books. 她几乎没有书。

Ann has a little money. 安有一点钱。

Ann has little money. 安几乎没有钱。

7. be afraid of对……害怕

be afraid of后可接名词、代词或动名词，相当于be afraid to do sth.。例如：

The child is afraid of dogs. 那小孩怕狗。

The girl is afraid of swimming in the river. = The girl is afraid to swim in the river. 那女孩怕去河里游泳。

注意：be afraid that...是“恐怕”之意，后接从句，表示一种推测。例如：

Im afraid (that) she wont come here. 恐怕她不会来这里。

8. would like愿意

would like表示一种意愿,后可接名词、代词、不定式或不定式的复合结构，一般不接动名词的复合结构。例如：

Would you like some Coca-Cola? 你想要些可口可乐吗？

Would you like to go to the movies? 你愿意去看电影吗？

Id like to have you dance with me tonight. Are you free?我想约你今晚和我跳舞去，你有时间吗？

注意：Would you like ...?一般不用would来回答，而用will，而后接不定式的回答时，必须是like / love to，不能省略to。例如：

—Would you like to join the art club?你愿意参加艺术俱乐部吗？

—Yes, Id love / like to. 是的，我愿意。

【跟踪训练】

一、单项选择。

16. They______ London very late that evening.

A. reach inB. arrived at

C. arrived inD. come down to

17. We have fun______ so many animals in

the zoo.

A. to seeB. seeingC. in seeD. saw

18. He can only speak______ French now.

A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. much

19. She is lonely, because she has______ friends.

A. a fewB. few C. a littleD. little

20. My father likes______ magazines, but today he likes______ movies.

A. reading; watching B. reading; to watch

C. to read; watchingD. to read; to watch

21. —Would you like something______?

—Yes, I______.

A. to drink; wouldB. drinking; would like C. to drink; will to

D. to drink; would love to

22. Would you like to go______?

A. walkB. for walk__

C. for a walkD. out a walk

23. Shes afraid______ alone at night.

A. of walkB. that walking

C. to walkingD. to walk

24. His cousin______ John were busy last weekend.

A. andB. as well as__

C. as wellD. with

25. I think penguins are______ lovely.

A. kind ofB. kind to__

C. a littleD. a few

二、用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空。

have fun, arrive at, take a walk, kind of,__in front of, like reading

26. There are some apple trees______ the house.

27. The girl______ drawing in the park.

28. I like koalas because theyre______ cute.

29. Mr Wang often______ after dinner.

30. We will______ Shanghai at seven oclock.

31. My little brother______ books.

◆重点句型秀风采：

【询问语】

1. Wheres the hotel?

2. Is there a post office in the neighborhood?

3. How can I get to the pay phone?

4. Can you tell me the way to the post office?

5. Are there jazz CDs near where you live in?

6. Could you tell me where the supermarket is?

7. Is it the right way to the bank?

8. Wheres the clothing shop?

【参考答语】

1. Its over there.

2. Yes, there is.

3. Go straight and turn left. Its next to the video arcade.

4. Of course. Its on Fifth Avenue. Go straight. Turn left at the pop section. The post office is behind the supermarket.

5. Yes. Its down Bridge Street on the right.

6. Its across from the bank.

7. Yes. Its between the library and the supermanket.

8. Its on the fourth floor. Go upstairs and turn left.

【跟踪训练】

补全对话，根据对话内容，完成下列空格，使对话完整。（每空一词，含缩略词）

A: Well, I dont think I want to buy__32__else.__33__go home.

B: But Im__34__for the pop CDs for my son. Do you know__35__I can buy them?

A: Im sorry I dont know. I__36__ask the way. (stopping a passerby) Excuse me, is there pop CDs__37__here?

C: Yes. Go straight and__38__right at No. 203 Central Street. Its__39__the post office and the library.

A:__40__a lot.

C: Youre__41.

32.______33.______34.______35.______ 36.______37.______38.______39.______ 40.______41.__

◆要点知识回放：

1. come from与be from是同义短语，但come from更强调动作。例如：

—Where do you come from? 你从哪里来？

—I come from the United States. 我来自美国。

2. 句型 “Where + be + sb. + from?”通常用来询问“某人是什么地方的人/某人来自什么地方”。例如：

—Where are you from? 你来自哪里？

—Im from Shanghai. 我来自上海。

3. 句型 “Where + do/does + sb. + live?”用来询问“某人住在何处”。回答时，可以用完整的句子，也可以用“介词+地名”，还可以直接回答地名。例如：

—Where does your pen pal live? 你的笔友住在哪里？

—He lives in New York. 他住在纽约。

4. there be句型和have都可表示“有”。there be 句型强调存在，表示“某处有某人或某物”；have强调拥有，表示“某人或某物拥有”或“某人或某物本身具有”。例如：

There is a girl near the pay phone. 公用电话附近有一个女孩。

There are two backpacks on my desk. 我的书桌上有两个双肩背包。

The table has four legs. 这张桌子有四条腿。

You have four apples, but she has only one. 你有四个苹果，而她只有一个。

there be 句型各种句式的转化都通过be来完成；含有have的句子需要借助助动词do来实现句式的变化。

5. 由疑问副词why引导的特殊疑问句用来询问原因，其答语常用because引导。汉语中通常说“因为……，所以……”，而英语中却不能在一个句子中同时使用because和so，两者只能用其一。例如：

Because he was ill yesterday, he didnt go to work. =He was ill yesterday, so he didnt go to work. 因为他昨天病了，所以没有去上班。

6. Isnt he cute? 是一般疑问句的否定形式，但在语义上相当于一个肯定陈述句，表示对美好事物的赞叹。此句可译为“他多可爱啊！”，相当于He is really cute.

一般疑问句的否定形式还常用来表示惊讶、怀疑等感情色彩。注意：回答时yes应译为“不”，no应译为“是的，对”。

7. 对某人现在的工作进行提问时常用下列句型：

①What+do/does+主语+do?

②What+is+ones+job?

③What+be+主语？

对以上三种句型回答时都可用“主语(I/He/She/We/They)+be+职业名词”。例如：

—What does she do? 她是做什么工作的？

—Shes an English teacher. 她是位英语教师。

8. 对某人理想中的工作进行提问时常用句型 “What+do/does+主语+want to be?”，对此句型进行回答时常用“主语+want(s) to be +职业名词”。例如：

—What does she want to be? 她想做什么工作？

—She wants to be a policewoman. 她想当警察。

9. 询问某人的工作地点时常用句型“Where + do/does+主语+work?”，对此回答时常用 “主语+work(s) +地点状语”。例如：

—Where does your elder sister work?你姐姐在哪里工作？

—She works in a shop. 她在一家商店工作。

10. Im watching TV. 是现在进行时态的典型例句，表示说话的瞬间或现阶段正在进行的活动或发生的动作。其基本结构为：助动词be+动词的现在分词。现在进行时经常与表示现在的时间状语连用。

【跟踪训练】

一、按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。

42. Where is your good friend from? (改为同义句)

Where______ your good friend________________?

43. He livesin Nanjing. (对划线部分提问)

______ ______he______?

44. There are some books on the desk. (改为一般疑问句)

______there______ books on the desk?

45. There is a new park across from the hospital. (改为否定句)

There______ ______ a new park across from the hospital.

46. He does itbecause he likes it