夏文静

join, join in, take part in

join意为“加入某一种组织，并成为其中一员”，后面还可接表示人的名词或代词，表示加入到某人或某些人的行列中去。例如：

I joined the army three years ago. 我三年前就参军了。

My uncle joined the Party in 1978.我叔叔是1978年入党的。

join in表示“加入、参与某种活动”，in之后可接名词或v-ing形式，表示“参加某人的活动”，可以说join sb. in (doing) sth.。例如：

He joined them in the work. 他同他们一起工作。

Will you join us in playing basketball? 你会跟我们一起打篮球吗？

take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，重在说明主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。例如：

The teacher took part in our discussion yesterday. 昨天老师参加了我们的讨论。

When will you take part in the meeting?你将什么时候参加会议？

alive, living, lively

alive是表语形容词，意为“活着的”，“在世的”，它既可以修饰人也可以修饰物。作定语时，应将其放在被修饰的名词后面。例如： They were alive. 他们都还活着。

living作形容词意为“活着的”，主要用作定语，常置于名词之前，有时也可置于名词之后。the living表示“活着的人”；作名词意为“生计”。例如：

Every living person has a name.每一个活着的人都有一个名字。

lively意为“生动的”，“活泼的”，“充满生气的”，用作表语或定语，可以用来修饰人或物。例如：

The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上要进行各种球类比赛，呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。

The boy has a lively mind. 这男孩头脑灵活。

how long, how soon

how long是“多久（时间）”的意思，用于对时间段提问，询问某一动作进行多长时间了。例如：

It takes two months to finish the work.

→How long does it take to finish the work?

how soon是“过多久”的意思，用于将来时态的问句中，回答用“in + 一段时间”的时间状语。例如：

We can be ready in five minutes.

→How soon can you be ready?

小试牛刀：

根据句意用所给词语的适当形式完成句子。

1. join, join in，take part in

① My father is going to ________ the meet-ing.

② They danced and danced until a lot of us ________.

③ You go first. Ill ________ you soon.

④ We ________ the peasants ________getting in the rice.

⑤ We hope everybody will ________ this struggle.

⑥ Have you ________ the League?

2. alive, living, lively

① Young children are usually ________.

② No man ________ is greater than he.

③ Millions of people hunt and fish for a ________.

④ His mother is dead, but his father is still ________.

⑤ Scientists are keeping a sick deer ________ at the center.

⑥ He makes his ________ by growing rice.

3. how long，how soon

① —________ will George come back from Australia?

—In four days.

② —________ have Henry and Emma been in China?

—For about two years.

③ —________ will your father leave for London?

—In a week, I think.

④ —________ did it take you to finish the work, Jenny?

—Three days.

Keys:

1. ① take part in ② joined in ③ join ④ joined; in

⑤ join in / take part in ⑥ joined

2. ① lively ② alive ③ living ④ alive ⑤ alive ⑥ living

3. ① How soon ② How long ③ How soon ④ How long