杨　鸣　杨　艳　张文魁

摘要：目的：通过对参加夏季集训的23名高校棒球运动员（11名女性，12名男性）进行了阶段性盂肱关节内旋、外旋等长肌力测试，探讨棒球投手专项训练引起的盂肱关节旋转肌力特征的变化趋势，结果：盂肱关节内旋（IR）肌力在整个棒球集训过程中显著增长，盂肱关节外旋（ER）肌力在从训练前到训练中期显著增长，而从训练中期到训练后无明显变化，盂肱关节内旋/外旋肌力（IR/ER）比值也因此增大。提示棒球投手专项训练中为了预防肩部损伤的发生，应注重发展盂肱关节外旋肌力。

关键词：棒球；内旋肌力；外旋肌力；内旋/外旋肌力比值

中图分类号：G848.114文献标识码：A文章编号：1007-3612(2008)09-1292-03

A Study on changes of Shoulder-Rotator strength of Baseball Pitchers in Training

YANG Ming, YANG Yan, ZHANG Wen-kui

(Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei China)

Abstract:This study is aiming to identify Study on changes of shoulder-rotator strength of baseball pitchers. Participants were 23 college baseball pitchers (11 women and 12 men). Main outcome measures were IR and ER isometric strength during preseason, midseason, and postseason. The result shows: significant increases in IR strength in both groups were revealed for all test sessions. ER strength significantly improved in both males and females from preseason to midseason and from preseason to postseason. IR/ER ratio revealed a significant increase from preseason to postseason. The results also suggest that ER strength training should be a priority for the prevention of shoulder injury.

Key words: baseball; internal rotator strength; external rotator strength; internal rotator/external rotator strength ratio

棒球投手技、战术水平的高低对比赛胜负起到80%左右的作用，它是全队的灵魂，亦是衡量一支棒球队强弱的主要标志^［1］。肩部力量素质和活动范围是投手有效投球的基础，在很大程度上决定投球技术、机能的发挥。由于投手在棒球队中的重要地位，近年来，许多国外学者借用运动生物力学三维高速摄影的研究方法，对棒球投手投掷臂动作进行技术诊断与定量分析，揭示其运动学和动力学特征。

另外，力量训练一直被认为是损伤预防和康复的重要手段^［2］。通过实施合理有效的力量训练方法来增强肩部关节稳定性，进而达到预防棒球运动员肩袖损伤的发生和促进其功能恢复是运动医学和康复医学的重要课题，也是运动训练中一个不可回避的实践问题。然而，这种合理有效的力量训练方法必须是基于对专项训练所引起的盂肱关节旋转肌力的特征性变化的认识的基础上的。……