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“四法”巧辨that从句

2008-09-08刘新会

中学英语之友·高三版 2008年8期

刘新会

that引导的从句是历年高考考查的重点和热点,尤其是that引导的强调句型、定语从句、主语从句和同位语从句更是重中之重。不少同学由于混淆它们之间的概念与用法,导致出现一些不该出现的错误。下面笔者结合近年高考题,谈谈如何运用以下“四法”对that引导的从句类型进行分辨。

一、运用“试减法”,区别强调句型和其他从句

区别强调句型和其他从句的最好方法是“试减法”。也就是说,如果把句子中“It be…that…”这一框架去掉,句子的剩余部分(可以进行位置上的调整)结构完整,意思通顺,合乎逻辑,则that引导的是强调句型,否则为其他从句。例如:

It was at nine yesterday that we met the film star.

(运用“试减法”,此句可改写为:We met the film star at nine yesterday. 显然,句子结构完整,意思通顺,故为强调句型。)

[考例]

It was not until she got home ____ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. (2006全国Ⅱ)

A. when B. that C. where D. before

解析:根据“试减法”,此题可改写为:Jennifer didnt realize she had lost her keys until she got home。故应为强调句型。答案为B。

二、运用“成分法”,区别定语从句和其他从句

分析that引导的从句的句子成分,如果that在从句中充当主语或宾语,则此从句为定语从句。例如:

We must do everything that the teacher tells us to do.

(运用“成分法”,例句中的that在从句中充当宾语,故that引导的从句为定语从句。)

[考例]

1. Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002上海春季)

A. that he explained B. what he explained

C. how he explained D. why he explained

解析:该题中的that充当explained的宾语,故that引导的从句为定语从句。答案为A。

2. Ill remember 2004 forever ____ is full of happiness.

A. when B. that C. it D. what

解析:这里的2004虽表示时间但不在句中作时间状语,而在从句中作主语,属于关系代词范畴,因此应填关系代词that引导定语从句。答案为B。

三、运用“还原法”,区别主语从句和其他从句

即去掉句首的It,把that引导的从句放置句首,如果新句子意思不变,合乎逻辑,则该从句为主语从句,否则为其他从句。例如……

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