郑红燕

主语是一个句子的主体,它的位置一般在句首,主语可以是单词、短语或从句。

谓语是主体的动作，一般放在主语后面， 谓语可由动词或动词短语组成。

例如：I love my mother.

其中I就是主语，love就是谓语动词，my mother就是宾语。

主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分，除少数句子（如祈使句和感叹句等）外，一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的，是一句话的主题，谓语用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息。例如：They are working.主语是they(他们)，那么他们在做什么呢？看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧跟其后。那么，哪些词语可以作主语、谓语,下面将一一讲述。

一、哪些词可以充当主语

1.名词 例如：

A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.

The first truck is carrying a few baskets.

The temperature will stay above zero.

The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully.

China does not want to copy the USAs example.

2.代词 例如：

Its a young forest.

I dont know if it will grow.

Thats a bit expensive.

Youd better buy a new pair.

Im afraid we havent got any black shoes.

3.数词 例如：

One and two is three.

One is not enough for me. I want one more.

One of them is English.

Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.

Two will be enough.

4.不定式 （常以 Its+adj. to do sth. 形式出现） 例如：

To give is better than to receive.=Its better to give.

I found it difficult to get to sleep.

To become a nurse is my wish.

5.It 作主语，有如下情况：

1)指代刚刚提到的事物：——Whats this? ——Its a bus.(指代what)

2)指代一个你不知道或判断不清性别的人：

——Whos knocking the door? ——Its me. (指代 who)

——Whos the baby in the picture? ——Its my sister.(指代 who)

3)表示时间，天气，距离：

——Whats the time? ——Its eight oclock. (时间)

——Whats it going to be tomorrow?

——Its going to be rainy.(天气)

——How far is it? ——Its about one kilometre away. (距离)

6.there引起的There be句型中，be作谓语，主语位居其后。例如：

There are many different kinds of mooncakes.

There will be a strong wind.

7.动词的-ing形式(短语)作主语。例如:

Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.

8.从句作主语

作主语的从句称为主语从句。可由that, whether, wh-等词引导。

例如：That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble.

[友情提示]有时介词短语、副词也可作主语。例如：

Between six and seven in the morning is the time I go jogging.

Nearby is a good place for camping.

二、谓语

谓语用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词,它在主语后面。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数的变化。谓语大体上可分为两类：简单谓语和复合谓语。

简单谓语

凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语，不管是什么时态、语态、语气，都是简单谓语。例如：

I like walking. (一般现在时主动语态)

I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)

It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)

The plane takes off at 8, but this morning it may be delayed by the thick fog.

I have tried this way three times and failed three times.

复合谓语也可分为两种情况：

第一种是由“情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式”构成的复合谓语。例如：

What does this word mean?

I wont do it again.

Ill go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.

Youd better catch a bus.

第二种是由“连系动词+表语”构成的复合谓语。例如：

You look the same.

The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.

Keep quiet and listen to me.

He looked worried.

We have to get up early in the morning.

He seemed rather tired last night.

福建省永安市第一中学