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情态动词典型错误例析

2008-08-26何金梁

中学英语之友·中 2008年7期

何金梁

1.凯瑟琳会讲一点广东话。

误:Catherine can speaks a little Cantonese.

正:Catherine can speak a little Cantonese.

析: 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,其后要接动词原形。

2. 请问你能帮助我学英语吗?

误:May you help me with my English, please?

正:Could you help me with my English, please?

析:请求别人帮助,应用“Could (Can) you…?”或“Would (Will) you…?”而不用“May you…?”

3. 安妮能和你一起去北京。

误:Annie can be able to go to Beijing with you.

正: Annie can go to Beijing with you.

析:can和be able to都可以表示能力,意思相同,都有“能够”的意思,但不能同时使用。

4. 刘老师明天能用英语给你写信。

误:Mr Liu will can write to you in English tomorrow.

正:Mr Liu will be able to write to you in English tomorrow.

析:can指主语已有的能力、条件,只用于一般现在时和一般过去时的句子中,而be able to多指主语通过努力而“能够做某事”,它可用于各种时态的句子中。

5. 你可能是对的。

误:You maybe right.

正:You may be right.

正:Maybe you are right.

析:may be是“情态动词+动词原形”,在句中作谓语;maybe是副词,意为“大概、或许”,不能作谓语。

6. “我必须呆在这儿吗?”

“不,不必。”

误:——Must I stay here?

——No, you mustnt.

正:——Must I stay here?

——No, you neednt.

析:对于问句的否定回答应用neednt,而不能用mustnt。

7. “我可以进来吗?”

“不,不可以。”

误:——May I come in?

——No, you may not.

正:——May I come in?

——No, you mustnt.

析:may用于请求时,只用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句中。对May I(we) …?提问,其否定回答用:No, you mustnt。mustnt只用来告诉人们不该做或不许做的事情,意为“不可以”。否定回答还可用Sorry, you cant./No, you cant。

8. 我不需要钢笔,我已买了一个。

误:I neednt to have a pen because Ive already got one.

正:I neednt have a pen because Ive already got one.

正:I dont need to have a pen because Ive already got one.

析:need 既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作情态动词时,具有情态动词的特点,主要用于否定句和疑问句;用作实义动词时,具有实义动词的特点,有人称、数的变化,后接带to 的不定式。

9. “需要她一起随你去吗?” “是的。需要。”

误:——Need she go there with you?

——Yes, she need.

正:——Need she go there with you?

——Yes, she must.

析:在回答need提的问题时,否定回答用neednt,肯定答复时须用must。

10.星期天你根本用不着去上学。

误:You mustnt go to school at all on Sunday.

正:You neednt go to school at all on Sunday.

析:mustnt是“绝对不可、不准”之意,有命令口吻。若表达“用不着、无须、不必”等意味时,要用neednt (dont have to)。

11. 你不许再像那样讲话。

误:You neednt talk like that any more.

正:You mustnt talk like that any more.

析:有极强的命令口吻时,要用mustnt。……

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