王力艳

高考示例

１. Was it during the Second World War ____ he died?(MET88)

A. that B. while C. in which D. then

该题考查的是强调句型，但因改为一般疑问句，增加了难度，考生若能将疑问语序还原成陈述语序：It was during the Second World War ____ he died. 则能更准确、快捷地得出答案A。

２. Who is it up ____ decide whether to go or not.

(NMET2000上海春季)

A. to to B. to C. for to D. to for

这是一道答案创新题。不少考生认为一个句子绝对不可能出现两个to 连在一起的现象，所以先将A排除掉。其实该特殊疑问句如果还原为陈述句语序：It is up ____ who ____ decide whether to go or not.则能得出答案A。

３. Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____ effects the people are still suffering. (2005天津卷)

A. that B. whose C. those D. what

这道题看上去好像是from 后缺宾语，但将定语从句的语序还原:the people are still suffering from ____ effects.便能很容易判断出此题是effects前缺定语，故答案是B。

４. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.(NMET2000)

A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out

这是一道前置创新题。如果把先行词the plan代入后面的定语从句中：they would like to see the plan ____,因为计划是被完成的，所以应用过去分词carried out表被动，则能得出答案A。

5. The home improvements have taken what little there is ____ my spare time.(NMET2001)

A. from B. in C. of D. at

这道题看上去好像是一道考查介词的题目，但它实际上所涉及到的是定语后置的问题，如果将take后的宾语从句调整语序——从感叹句语序调整为陈述语序：there is little ____ my spare time,则能得出答案C。

６． As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the

more you learn, ____.(NMET2000上海)

A. the more for life are you equipped

B. the more equipped for life you are

C. the more life you are equipped for

D. you are equipped the more for life

此题考察的是the比较级＋主语＋谓语,the比较级＋主语＋谓语这个句型，如果先从陈述句入手，判断句型：you learn more, you are more equipped for life 则更容易得出答案Ｂ。

７． She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ____ in making the earth a better place to live.

(2003上海春季高考题)

A. to have played B. to play

C. to beplayed D. to be playing

8. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ____.(1996上海)

Ａ． to send Ｂ． for sending

Ｃ． to send it to Ｄ． for sending it to

9. There are five pairs ____, but Im at a loss which to buy.

(１９９９上海)

Ａ． to be chosen Ｂ． to choose from

Ｃ． to choose Ｄ． for choosing

以上三道题考查的都是不定式作定语，根据作定语的不定式和前面所修饰的名词和代词有逻辑上的动宾和介宾关系，我们可以通过将前面的名词或代词还原到后面的不定式中确定句型。第7题可通过还原确定出句型:play a role in doing， 第8题: send it to the person,第9题：choose from five pairs,故这三道题的答案分别是ＢＣＢ。

结合以上高考题以及日常教学经验，我总结出调整语序定句型主要有两种情况：

一、还原法即将难于理解的特殊句式结构还原为易于理解的一般语序来确定句型，得出答案的一种方法。

（一）将被动语态还原为主动语态

１. Time should be made full use of ____ your spoken English.

A. improve B. improving C. improves D. to improve

解题思路：将此题的主语time调整为谓语动词词组make use of的宾语，即make use of time“充分利用时间”那么此题就迎刃而解了，后面接目的状语to do不定式，故选Ｄ。如果此题不调整语序，那么解题就会陷入误区，认为介词of加动名词而错选了Ｂ。

２. Much attention should be paid to ____ your handwriting.

A. improve B. improving C. improves C. to improve

解题思路：将此题的主语much attention调整为谓语动词pay的宾语，即pay much attention to，后面应接动名词，故选Ｂ。

3. These stories were made ____ his own head.

A. out of B. up of C. into D. up out of

解题思路：将此题的主语these stories调整为谓语动词的宾语，即make up these stories out of his own head，即得出答案Ｄ。

（二）将疑问句还原为陈述句

１. Which do you enjoy ____ your spare time, singing or dancing?

A. to spend B. spending C. spend D. be spending

解题思路：将此题的特殊疑问句语序调整为陈述语序，即把which调整为enjoy的宾语：enjoy which ____ your spare time，“喜欢哪个来度过你的业余时间”，那么不定式表目的，故答案是Ａ。

２. Whom would you rather have ____ to the hospital?

A. sending B. sent C. to send D. to be sent

解题思路：将此题的特殊疑问句语序调整为陈述语序，即把whom调整为have的宾语：Would rather have whom ____ to the hospital，“宁愿让谁被派到那个医院”，考察的是have sth. done句型，故答案是Ｂ。

3. Is the hotel ____ you stayed the first time you arrived here?

A. at which B. what

C. which D. the one where

解题思路：将此题的疑问句语序调整为陈述语序：The hotel is ____ you stayed the first time you arrived here.这样就不难看出主句中缺表语，选项Ｄ有表语，再判断后面定语从句的关系词where正确，故答案是Ｄ。

4. Is this the hotel ____ you stayed the first time you arrived here?

A. at which B. what

C. which D. the one where

解题思路：将此题的疑问句语序调整为陈述语序：This is the hotel ____ you stayed the first time you arrived here.此题主句的主干成分完整，后面的定语从句的关系词which正确，故答案是Ａ。

（三）将定语从句的先行词还原到定语从句中的恰当位置。

１. The scientist referred to the trouble they had ____ the problem at the meeting.

A. solved B. solving C. to solve D. solve

解题思路：如果把先行词the trouble代入后面的定语从句中：they had the trouble____ the problem at the meeting，此题考察的是have trouble doing这个句型，故答案为Ｂ。

２． In my opinion, it is the best use that could be ____ of the money.

A. turned up B. turned out C. spent D. made

解题思路：如果把先行词the best use代入后面的定语从句中：the best use could be ____ of the money,再将其被动语序调整为主动语序，即能确定此题考查的是固定短语make use of,最后得出答案Ｄ。

３． Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.

A. it B. it repaired

C. repaired D. to be repaired

解题思路：如果把先行词the washing machine代入后面的定语从句中：she had had the washing machine ____，即能确定此题考查的是have sth. done这个句型，故答案为Ｃ。

(四)其他句式的语序调整

1. The more Tom worked, the more progress he ____ in the following days.

A. had B. made C. get D. gain

解题思路：如果将the比较级+主语+谓语，the比较级+主语+谓语还原成一般语序：Tom worked more, he ____ more progress in the following days.即能确定此题考查的是make progress这个句型，故答案为Ｂ。

2. The more we practice, the better we get ____ listening to speech in a foreign language.

A. at B.in C. on D.from

解题思路：将此题还原成一般语序：We practice more, we get better____ listening to speech in a foreign language.即能确定此题考查的是get better(good) at这个句型，故答案Ａ。

3. Look! What much attention he is paying ____ the lecture!

A. for B. at C. in D. to

解题思路：将此题感叹句还原成一般语序：he is paying much attention ____ the lecture.即能确定此题考查的是pay attention to这个句型，故答案为D。

4. I cant imagine how ____ the scientist will be for what he has

discovered.

A. famous B. good C. important D. necessary

解题思路：将imagine后的感叹句还原成一般语序：the scientist will be ____ for what he has discovered,即能确定此题考查的是be famous for这个句型，故答案为Ａ。

5. ____ we first heard of the man referred to as a computer specialist in soft-ware.

A. It was Hilary that B. That it was from Hilary

C. It was from Hilary that D. It was from Hilary when

解题思路：此题考查的是强调句型，如果将it was…that…去掉，还原成一般语序:we first heard of the man referred to as a computer specialist in soft-ware ____, 即能确定此题考查的是hear of…from…这个句型，故答案为Ｃ。

６． Ｔhis photo of mine was taken ____ stood the famous high tower.

A. which B. in which C. where D. there

解题思路：将此题从句的倒装语序还原成自然语序：the famous tower stood ____，再结合主句的含义，显然从句中缺地点状语，故答案为Ｃ。

二、提炼法即将又长又复杂的简单句或复合句通过删除定语或插入语等修饰成分，提炼出中心语或主句来确定句型，得出答案的一种方法。

（一）将含有定语从句的复合句提炼主句

１. I was so angry at all ____ he was doing ____ I slapped his face.

A. what; that B. which; that C. that; that D. that; what

解题思路：将此题的定语从句____ he was doing删除，提炼出主句：I was so angry at all ____ I slapped his face.即能确定此题考查的是so…that…这个句型，再判断定语从句的关系词应用that。故答案为Ｃ。

2. Was it Bill, ____ played basketball very well, ____ helped the blind man across the street?

A. who, who B. which, that C. who, that D. that, who

解题思路：将此题的定语从句____ played basketball very well删除，提炼出主句，然后将主句的疑问语序还原成陈述语序：It was Bill ____ helped the blind man across the street.即能确定此题考查的是it was…that…这个句型，再判断定语从句的关系词应用who，故答案为Ｃ。

3. The reason ____ he gave for his absence was ____ he had missed the bus.

A. why; that B. that; because

C. why; because D. which; that

解题思路：将此题的定语从句____ he gave for his absence删除，提炼出主句：The reason was ____ he had missed the bus。即能确定此空考查的是the reason was that…这个句型，再判断定语从句的关系词应用that/which/…，故答案为Ｄ。

4. The doctor did everything he could ____ the little boy.

A. to save B. save C. saving D. be saved

解题思路：将此题的定语从句he could (do)删除，提炼出主句：The doctor did everything ____ the little boy。即能确定此空考查的是不定式作目的状语，故答案为Ａ。

5. ——Why was Professor Johnson unhappy those days?

——The only reason was that the theory he insisted on ____ wrong. A. proving B. being proved C. proved D. was proved

解题思路：将此题的定语从句he insisted on删除，提炼出主句：The only reason was that the theory ____ wrong.即能确定此空考查的是“系动词+形容词”这个结构，故答案为Ｃ。

6. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ____ some schools for poor children.

A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up

解题思路：将此题的定语从句he had删除，提炼出主句：Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all to ____ some schools for poor children。即能确定此空考查的是devote…to doing…这个句型，故答案为Ｂ。

(二)将含有修饰语或插入语的句子提炼中心语

７. He has made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to science.

A. which I think is B. which I think it is

C. of which I think it is D. I think which is

解题思路：将此题选项中的插入语Ｉ think先删除，提炼出中心语：____ is of great importance to science。即能确定此空考查的是非限定性定语从句，故答案为Ａ。

8. The man referred to ____ here just now.

A. has come B. came C. coming D. come

解题思路：将此题定语referred to先删除，提炼出中心语：The man ____ here just now.即能确定此空考查的是谓语动词，故答案为Ｂ。

9. The Smiths looked forward with hope ____ a chance to go abroad.

A. to get B. of getting C. in getting D. to getting

解题思路：将此题状语with hope先删除，提炼出中心语：The Smiths looked forward ____ a chance to go abroad。即能确定此空考查的是look forward to doing这个句型，故答案为Ｄ。

10. The local government is trying as much as it can ____ the cultural relics.

A. protect B. to protect

C. protecting D. to be protected

解题思路：将此题修饰语as…as it can先删除，提炼出中心语：The local government is trying much ____ the cultural relics.即能确定此空考查的是try to do这个句型，故答案为Ｂ。

11. Tom spent as much time as he could ____ English.

A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. to be learned

解题思路：将此题修饰语as…as he could先删除，提炼出中心语：Tom spent much time ____ English.即能确定此空考查的是spend time doing这个句型，故答案为Ａ。