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谈谈英语的感叹句

2008-05-31杨正凡

中学英语园地·教学指导版 2008年4期
关键词:感叹句句末单数

杨正凡

一、 感叹句的定义

感叹句用来表示说话人的喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。这种句子一般以what或how开头,句末用感叹号,朗读时,句末用降调。将其译为汉语时,一般为“……多么……呀(啊)!”。 what修饰后面的名词。 how修饰后面的形容词、副词或谓语动词。

二、 感叹句的构成模式

1. What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)!例如:

What a useful book (it is)!(这是)多么有用的一本书啊!

What an honest boy (he is)!(他是)一个多么诚实的男孩啊!

What a wonderful plan (you have made)!(你制定了)一个多么好的计划啊!

2. What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)!例如:

What terrible weather (today is)!(今天是)多么糟糕的天气啊!

What beautiful girls (these are)!(这些是)多么漂亮的女孩啊!

What great changes (we have had these years)!(这些年我们经历了)多大的变化啊!

3. How + 形容词/副词 + (主语 + 谓语)!例如:

How well (the clothes fit)!(这衣服)多合身啊!

How hard you work every day!你每天工作多么努力啊!

How heavily it rained just now!刚才雨下得多大啊!

How interesting the music sounds!这音乐听起来多么美妙啊!

除了以上三种模式之外,感叹句还有其他一些模式。其中最常见的是由一个单一的词或短语构成。这种感叹句简洁明快,具有鲜明的口语特点。例如:

Fire!失火了!Help!救命!My God!天呀!

Good idea!好主意!Wow!哇!Good luck!好运!Have a good time!过得愉快!Hi/Hello!你好!Wonderful/Great/Good!好极了!Thank goodness!谢天谢地!

三、 如何做有关感叹句的试题

1. 找出感叹句中的主语和谓语。感叹句中的主语和谓语应为自然语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。 2. 若主语前面有可数名词单数,则用what a或what an引导感叹句;若主语前面有可数名词复数或不可数名词,则用what引导感叹句。 3. 若句中无谓语动词,说明主语和谓语被省略了。若句末是名词,则应在前面用what,what a或what an。 若句末只有形容词或副词,则应在前面用how。 例如:

1. (2002年云南省) When I was young,I often walked around the Green Lake Park(翠湖公园) with my grandma.____ nice time it was!

A. What B. What a C. How D. How a

精析:句中的谓语是was,it是主语。主语前面的time为可数名词,前面可用“a/an + 形容词”修饰,来表示“一段……的时光”。故答案应为B。

2. (2006年昆明市)____ natural things they are!

A. How B. What C. Which D. Where

精析:句中的they是主语,are是谓语。主语前有复数名词things,所以应该用what引导感叹句。故答案为B。

3. (2007年哈尔滨市) —Its reported that the 29th Olympic torch(奥运火炬) is going to travel to 135 cities around.

—____ exciting the news is!And it will arrive at the Opening ceremony(开幕式) on August 8th,2008.

A. What B. What a C. How D. How a

精析:句中的is是谓语,the news是主语。主语前面没有名词,只有形容词exciting,所以只能用how来引导感叹句。故答案应为C。

4. (2006年泰州市) —An earthquake(地震) hit Indonesia(印尼) yesterday.

—____ terrible news!

A. How B. What C. What a D. How a

精析:句中的主语和谓语被省略。 news是不可数名词,其前要用what修饰。故答案应为B。

5. (2007年宁波市) —Miss Sun,what are we going to do next?

—____ sunny day!Lets go out for doing sport.

A. What B. What a C. How D. How a

精析:答句中省略了主语it和谓语动词is。 最后一个词day是名词单数,sunny是形容词,其前要用what a来修饰。故答案应选B。

四、 中考试题精练

1. (2007年兰州市)____ it was yesterday because of the storm!

A. What bad weather B. What a bad weather

C. How bad a weather D. How bad weather

2. (2007年南通市) —____ day it is!

—Lets go out and have a picnic!

A. How could B. How nice

C. What a cloudy D. What a lovely

3. (2007年河北省)____ pretty your dress is!Where did you get it?

A. How B. How a C. What D. What a

4. (2007年河南省) —I hear that an old couple(夫妇) are traveling around China by bike.

—Oh,____ long way on their bicycles!They are so great.

A. What a B. How C. What D. How a

5. (2007年济南市)____ weather it is!

A. What a fine B. How fine

C. What fine D. How fine the

6. (2007年长沙市)____ tall the boy is!He can play volleyball very well.

A. How B. What a C. What

7. (2007年甘肃省)____ warm weather it is today!Lets go climbing.

A. What B. How C. What a D. How a

8. (2007年呼和浩特市)____ important English speech contest(比赛) they are listening to!

A. What B. How C. What an D. How an

9. (2006年沈阳市)____ lovely weather!Lets go on a picnic!

A. What B. How C. What a D. How a

10. (2006年浙江省) —Dad,do you like my picture?

—____!Its the nicest one Ive ever seen.

A. What a strong boy B. How careful

C. How wonderful D. What a brave boy

11. (2006年吉林省)____ exciting game it is!

A. What B. What an C. How D. How much

12. (2005年毕节市)____ beautiful flowers they are!

A. How B. What C. Why D. Which

13. (2006年云南省) —Its raining again.

—I dont like the weather.____ it is today!

A. How cold B. What cold

C. What a cold D. How a cold

Key: 1-5 ADAAC 6-10 AACAC 11-13 BBA

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