冯发昌

一、词语例解

1. intend vt. 1)想要；打算；计划

I intend to get there as soon as I can.我打算尽快赶到那里。

The writer clearly intends his readers to identify with the main character 作者显然想读者同情主人公。

2) 意指

He hadnt intended that we should all be there. 他没想要让我们都到那里。

What do you intend by this word? 你说这话是什么意思？

【联想拓展】intend to do sth打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算要某人做某事intend that计划had intended to do sth.= intended to have done sth本想或打算做某事（而实际上没做） be intended for 为……而；供……用

【辨析】intend，mean 和 design

这组动词的一般含义是“意欲”或“打算”。intend 强调“意欲”做某一件确定的事，或者“决定”达到某一确定的目的，此外还常用于表达“意欲”使某人从事某职业，或“打算”某物用作何种目的；mean 常常可以和 intend 互换使用，但不强调决心达到某一目的；design 强调为达到某目的，事先作过精心安排和仔细考虑，包含“预谋”、“策划”以达到自己的目的这一意义。例如：

The dictionary is intended for the beginners. 这本词典是为初学者编的。

He always meant to go back one day，but not to stay.他总想某一天回去，但不住下。

Did you design this, or did it just happen itself ?这件事是你有意图安排的还是它自行发生的？

2. certain adj.确定的；无疑的

I am certain hell come, in spite of the bad weather. 尽管天气不好，我还是确信他会来的。

Are you certain about (of) it? 你对此有把握吗？

He is certain of success. 他必然会成功。

He is certain to come. 他一定会来。

2) 某一；一些

A certain person called on you yesterday. 昨天有个人来探访你。

Certain things are not openly spoken about. 有些事是不能公开说的。

【拓展】for certain确定；确保 be certain of确信；深信 be certain to必然；一定 be not certain whether…不能确定是否…… make certain of / that把……弄清楚；把……弄确实, 保证 It is certain that …某事是确定无疑的

3. actuallyadv. 1)(无比较级、最高级)实际上；事实上

He looks unpleasant, but actually he is very kind.他看起来板着面孔,但事实上心地很好。

She looks young, but shes actually 50. 她看上去年轻,可是实际上已五十岁了。

2)(这样说也许令人难以置信,不过) 真地；竟然；居然

He actually refused!他竟然拒绝了!She was so angry that she actually tore up the letter.她一气之下竟然将信撕碎了。

4. appreciate v. 1) 感谢；感激

I appreciate your help.我感激你的帮助。They deeply appreciated his kindness.他们对他的好意深表感谢。

2)重视；赏识；欣赏

She was appreciated everywhere. 她到处受到赏识。

Her talent for music was not appreciated.她的音乐才能无人赏识。

【辨析】appreciate一词尤指高度看重，是以批评式的评价、比较和判断为基础的；