解读形容词的用法
2008-05-13孙海玲
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot热的。
2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(错)He is an ill man.
(对)The man is ill.
(错)She is an afraid girl.
(对)The girl is afraid.
这类词还有:well, unwell, ill, faint, afraid, alike, alive, alone,asleep, awake等。
3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时,要放在这些词之后。例如:something nice
以-ly词尾的形容词
1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely,likely, lively, ugly, brotherly仍为形容词。
改错:
(错)She sang lovely.
(错)He spoke to me very friendly.
(对)Her singing was lovely.
(对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2)有些以-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词。
如:daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
用形容词表示类别和整体
1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the blind, the hungry
The poor are losing hope.
2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。
如:the British, the English, the French, the Chinese
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:
限定词—数词—描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) —出处—材料性质/类别—名词。
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
典型例题:
1)Tony is going camping with ____ boys.
A. little two other B. two little other
C. two other little D. little other two
答案:C。由“限定词—数词—描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)—性质—名词”的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。
2)One day they crossed the ____ bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
答案:A。几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3)——How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
——It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ____
days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。……
