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易理“阴阳五行”在黄土高原农耕农事中的观照

2008-03-28吴世彩

周易研究 2008年1期

摘要:古来,人们对顺天地,应四时,遵阴阳五行之理从不敢轻怠,尤其体现在民间农耕农事中。“阴阳五行”在黄土高原农耕农事中观照鲜明,这又是“一个援《易》以为说”的钩深论题,同时,也证示着“科学易”的骄人魅力。

关键词:阴阳五行;黄土高原;农耕农事

中图分类号:B221;S159.2

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1003-3882(2008)01-0083-05

The effect of the theory “Yin-yang and Five-element”on the cultivation in loess plateau of China

WU Shi-cai

(Administrative office,Yuanzhou District Committee of the Chinese Communist Party,Guyuan,Ningxia 756000,China)

Abstract:From generation to generation Chinese people showed no neglect of conforming to the principle of heaven and earth,according with the four seasons and obeying the theory of Yin-yang and Five-element,especially in their cultivation activities. That the effect of the theory “Yin-yang and Five-element”on the cultivation in loess plateau,is another profound issue of “deriving the Zhouyi to expound theory”,and shows the great charm of the scientific Yi-ology.

Key words:Yin-yang and Five-element;loess plateau of China;cultivation

笔者曾撰文阐发黄河下游黄泛平原土壤结构与《伏羲六十四卦方图》之契合(第73-77页)[1],引起科学易学者的关注。这几年,我因在黄河中上游之黄土高原西部工作,继续“观其象”、“研其理”,通过对黄土高原的西部区域、宁夏南部山区的黄土山地(这里正是古代伏羲画八卦的天水麦积山一带)的考察,真切地发现,“阴阳五行”之理在黄土高原农耕农事中观照鲜明。

一、阴阳五行与地理之异

天地之间,生物所居,顺阴阳之道则生存,逆阴阳之道则戕亡。万物分阴阳,始于五行,终于易理。阴阳至道取以先天易理,论其真实之情,以明其天地之象,生物存亡之病衰。阳主生长,阴主养育;无阳不生,无阴不育,无和不成,有阴有阳而不和,不能传其类。故曰:“阴阳者,天地之道也,万物之纲纪,变化之父母,生杀之本始……”(《黄帝内经·素问·阴阳应象大论》)可以说,“五行的相生相克、胜复制化,是阴阳关系延伸和扩展开来的一种具体表现,而阴阳是对这些具体结构关系的更高概括”(第300页)[2]。

中华文化悠久,先贤观察天象之变,地理之异,生物居存群寡,创作了五运、六气、四时、八节。宏观论创山川曲直之情形,禀点土质粗细之累象;

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