郝昌明

一、考查may / might, must, can的推测性用法

请看下表：

高考题例：

1. Theres no light on—they_____be at home. (2006全国卷Ⅰ)

A. cant B. mustnt

C. neednt D. shouldnt

解析： A。“没有灯开着”暗示“他们不可能在家”，因此应填cant。

2. Helen_____go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. (2005安徽)

A. shall B. must C. may D. can

解析： C。由“她不是很有把握”可以推断出“海伦可能和我们一起去旅行”，因此应填may。

3. —Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

—Sorry, I am not sure. But it_____be. （2004湖北）

A． might B． will C． must D． can

解析： A。 由“对不起，我没有把握”可以推出该空表示“有可能”，因此应填might。

二、考查may, must, can的非推测性用法

请看下表：

高考题例：

1. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_____take care of your luggage. （2007北京）

A. can B. may C. must D. will

解析： C。crowded places暗示该空表示“必须”，因此应填must。

2. The biggest problem for most plants, which_____just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. （2007湖南）

A. shant B. cant

C. neednt D. mustnt

解析： B。The biggest problem暗示该空表示“不能”，因此应填cant。

3. Some aspects of a pilots job_____be boring, and pilots often_____work at inconvenient hours. (2006湖南)

A. can; have to B. may; can

C. have to; may D. ought to; must

解析： A。第一空表示“有时会”，应填can；在不方便的时候工作是飞行员不情愿做的事，因此第二空应填have to。

三、考查shall, should用法

请看下表：

高考题例：

1. —What does the sign over there read?

—“No person_____smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area．” (2007四川)

A． will B． may C． shall D. must

解析：C。该空表示很强烈的语气，意为“可”，提出一种承诺，因此应填shall。

2. —Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?

—It_____be, but it is now heavily polluted. （2007全国卷Ⅰ）

A. will B. would C. should D. must

解析： C。由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示肯定的推测，因此应填should。

3._____fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北)

A. Would you be B. Should you be

C. Could you beD. Might you be

解析： B。该句为省略了if的条件状语从句，原句为“If you should be fired, ...。

4. It has been announced that candidates

remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海)

A. can B. will C. may D. shall

解析：D。 该空表示按规定“必须”，有强制口吻，且用于第三人称，因此应填shall。

四、考查情态动词 + have done sth.用法

请看下表：

高考题例：

1. —My cats really fat.

—You_____have given her so much food. （2007浙江）

A. wouldnt B. couldnt

C. shouldnt D. mustnt

解析： C。由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“本来不应该”，因此应用shouldnt have done的动词形式。

2. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.

—You_____it in the wrong place. （2007江西）

A. must put B. should have put

C. might put D. might have put

解析：D。 由对方认为把字典放在这儿但在这儿又找不到字典的语境可以推出该空表示“可能放（错了地方）”，因此应填might have put。

3. The teacher_____have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose. （2007安徽）

A. should B. can C. would D. must

解析：D。由or引出后面句子的意思可以推出该空表示“一定（已经）”，因此应填must。

4. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday． I_____the trouble to carry my umbrella with me． (2006江西)

A． should have taken

B． could have taken

C． neednt have taken

D. mustnt have taken

解析： C。由The weather turned out to be fine的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“本来没有必要这么麻烦”，因此应用neednt have done的动词形式。

5. I_____have been more than six years old when the accident happened. (2005天津)

A. shouldnt B. couldnt

C mustnt D. neednt

解析： B。该空表示“不可能（已经超过6岁）”，此处表示推测，不是虚拟语气。因此应用couldnt have done的动词形式。

【巩固性练习】

1. —_____ it be true that his sister has won the prize for the best actress?

—Not, it_____be true.

A. Can; cant B. May; may not

C. Must; mustnt D. Can; may not

2. —Will your elder sister buy a new bike for you as your birthday gift?

—She_____ , but Im not so sure.

A. may B. must C. need D. will

3. —Do you think that he will help you to win the election?

—He_____ , but it is not certain.

A. cant B. may not

C. neednt D. mustnt

4. —Could you do me the favour to have dinner with me this evening?

—Im sorry; I_____ , because I will be busy at that time.

A. cant B. couldnt

C. might not D. wouldnt

5. —Must I do what I can to finish all the work in the shortest time?

—No, you_____ .

A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. wont

6. —Might I put you to the trouble of answering me a question, Mary?

—Yes, you_____ .

A. must B. might C. could D. can

7. —Shall I sell my old house to pay off all my debts at present?

—No, you_____ .

A. shant B. wont C. cant D. neednt

8. You_____smoke here, young man. Cant you see this is a gas station?

A. neednt B. shant C. wont D. mustnt

9. Time is very limited; you_____get to your school before eight oclock.

A. will B. can C. need D. shall

10. —Need I wash all the clothes in the basin before lunch?

—Yes, you_____ .

A. need B. must C. can D. shall

11. If you dont turn against me, you_____get my help in the near future.

A. need B. must C. will D. should

12. I cant imagine such a beautiful girl______be so lazy like this.

A. must B. may C. should D. can

13. Dont you know that girls sometimes______be as naughty as boys?

A. must B. will C. can D. shall

14. It is already midnight now._____you play the piano at such a late time?

A. Must B. Can C. Need D. Will

15._____a fire break out in your factory, all of you will be punished.

A. Must B. May C. Should D. Shall

Keys: 1. A2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. D8. D9. D10. B11. C12. C13. C14. A15. C