麦千叶

Customers are more likely to buy plant-based foods when they are not labelled “vegan”， a study has found. The same is true with red-meat eaters choice.

More consumers prefer a plant-based diet which is thought to be more healthy and environmentally sustainable.

However， researchers have found that more people chose vegan foods if they were marketed differently.

Researchers from the University of Southern California conducted a national food choice experiment to determine how people respond to labels such as “vegan” and “plant-based” compared to “healthy”， “sustainable”， or “healthy and sustainable”.

In the study， presented at the Society for Risk Analysis 2023 Annual Conference in Washington DC， all participants chose between a food gift basket without meat and dairy and another with meat and dairy.

Participants were assigned one of the five labels for their meat and dairy free choice.

They found that only 20 percent participants chose the food basket without meat and dairy when it was labelled “vegan”， while 27 percent chose it when it was labelled “plant-based”. About 42 percent of participants chose the food basket without meat and dairy when it was labelled “healthy”， 43 percent chose it when it was marked “sustainable”， and 44 percent chose it when it was tagged “healthy and sustainable”.

Dr Patrycja Sleboda， assistant professor of psychology at City University of New York， said of the results： “This labelling effect was especially pronounced among individuals who identified as red-meat eaters and held across socio-demographic（社会人口的） groups.

“Thus， changing labels is a low-cost scalable（可扩展的） intervention for promoting healthy and environmentally sustainable food choices.”

（材料来自The Telegraph网站，有删改）

1. What does “red-meat eaters choice” refer to in Paragraph 1？

A. Red-meat eaters are more likely to buy food with meat and dairy.

B. Red-meat eaters are among the common customers for plant-based food.

C. Red-meat eaters prefer plant-based foods when they are not labelled “vegan”.

D. Red-meat eaters choose vegan foods more than the foods with meat.

2. The key reason for customers preference for a plan-based diet is _______.

A. that they have such a eating habit in daily life

B. that they think it good for health and environment

C. that they are offered advice by environmentalists

D. that they are encouraged to buy vegan food by experts

3. Based on the food choice experiment， what makes customers choice different？

A. The variety of the foods.

B. The label of the foods.

C. The benefits of the foods.

D. The amount of meat in the foods.

4. What can we learn from Patrycja？

A. The labelling effect is worth promoting.

B. Changing labels can reduce producing cost.

C. Label-changing intervention is costly.

D. Changing labels fool red-meat eaters more easily.

1. C。解析：詞义猜测题。材料第一段提到“一项研究发现，消费者更有可能购买没有被贴上‘纯素食标签的植物性食品，红肉食用者的选择也是如此”，C选项“红肉食用者更喜欢没有被贴上‘纯素食标签的植物性食品”与材料内容相符，故选C。

2. B。解析：细节理解题。材料第二段提到“越来越多的消费者更喜欢被认为更健康、更具环保性的植物性饮食”，这与B选项“他们认为这对健康和环境有好处”相符，故选B。

3. B。解析：推理判断题。材料第四段中提到“有关研究人员进行了一项全国性的食品选择实验，以确定人们对标签的反应”，第七段中提到“他们发现，只有20%的参与者选择标有‘纯素食的不含肉类和乳制品的食品”和“44%的人选择标有‘健康和可持续的食品”。由此可知，B选项“食品的标签”与材料内容相符，故选B。

4. A。解析：推理判断题。材料最后一段提到“因此，更换标签是一种低成本、可扩展的干预措施，可以促进健康和环境可持续发展的食品选择”，A选项“标签效应值得推广”与材料内容相符，故选A。