湖南何高伦

学生做兼职的现象一直存在，他们有的是为了减轻家里的经济负担，有的是为了丰富课余生活……那么，学生做兼职是否可取？

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难词探意

1.consume/kən'sjuːm/v.消耗

2.essential/ɪ'senʃl/adj.基本的；必不可少的

In order to improve socializing skills,lighten the financial burden and also spend spare time,an increasing number of students are doing part-time jobs.Like a coin has two sides,there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to it.

Some people think that there are many advantages for students to have part-time jobs.Firstly,part-time jobs offer them opportunities to apply what they have learned in school and demonstrate their abilities.Secondly,doing part-time jobs enables them to be more independent of their family and builds up their self-confidence.Thirdly,part-time experiences may be of great help to their future careers.Finally,part-time jobs can broaden their lives and help them know more of themselves and society.

However,some other people hold the view that doing part-time jobs has more disadvantages.The main job of students is to study,not to work.If they have part-time jobs,they may have to reduce their time for sleep,rest,study and activities.For the shortage of time,when you focus on one,you may lose the other.Working several hours a dayconsumesa lot of time and energy and may affect their studies.

As a result,they may find it hard to adjust to what the school expects of them as well as their employers expect,and finally,they may fall behind or fail in their studies.

But remember a positive attitude is the key to everything.Be confident that you can deal with these two items.For instance,you can make a clear timetable and this will remind you of your arrangement and making full use of your time.

Students can choose to take up a part-time job according to their own situations,but they should remember they are students,and their study is theessentialpreparation for their success in society.Thus,the most important thing for them is to keep a good balance between part-time jobs and their study.

Language Study

Ⅰ.Useful expressions

financial burden经济负担

spare time闲暇时间

be independent of不依赖

build up增进；加强

focus on集中于

adjust to适应；习惯

deal with处理；应付

make full use of充分使用

Ⅱ.Difficult sentences

1.Firstly,part-time jobs offer them opportunities to apply what they have learned in school and demonstrate their abilities.首先，兼职给他们提供了运用学校所学知识和展示能力的机会。

【点石成金】本句是一个主从复合句，what they have learned in school为宾语从句，作apply的宾语；主句中offer them opportunities为“动词双宾语”结构。

2.As a result,they may find it hard to adjust to what the school expects of them as well as their employers expect,and finally,they may fall behind or fail in their studies.结果，他们可能会发现很难适应学校对他们的期望以及雇主的期望，最后，他们可能会在学习上落后或失败。

【点石成金】find it+adj.+to do sth为固定句式，意为“发现做某事是……的”，it为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。

Reading Check

阅读以上短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

写作导引

概要写作（summary writing）是在整体把握原文的前提下，用自己简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度的概括，写出一篇语义连贯的短文。概要写作一般可分为以下五个步骤：

Step 1 Read for the genre(体裁)

常见的文章体裁及其结构如下：

●记叙文记叙文常按照时间顺序来铺排语篇顺序，其核心六要素是who、when、where、what、why和how，一般可分为以下几个部分：

开端：介绍背景，交代时间、地点、人物等因素，引出故事的开端。

正文：包括情节、发展和高潮三部分。

结尾：故事结局。

●说明文说明文可分为举例说明文、类比/对比说明文、因果说明文。开头（概说）：引出文章主题（现象/问题/研究结果）。

正文（分说）：分项具体解释说明（举例子、析原因、析结果、作对比）。

结尾（总说）：总结陈述。

●议论文议论文主要是作者阐明自己的观点，并进行论证。

引论（开头）：引出观点。

本论：摆出证据，阐明观点（阐理由、析利弊、列实例、提举措）。

结论：重申观点。

本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述学生做兼职对学业造成的影响，以及如何平衡学习和兼职的问题。

Step 2 Read for the structure(结构)

本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”。第一段是主题段，综述学生兼职的概况，指出兼职具有两面性；第二、三段为支撑性内容，从正、反两方面讲述兼职的优、缺点；第四、五段总结，要平衡学业和兼职。

Step 3 Read for the key points（要点）

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Step 4 Paraphrase(改写)the key points accurately and briefly

文章体裁、结构和要点抓住后，就需要进行改写，如：

1.an increasing number of students可替换为more and more students；“Like a coin has two sides,there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to it.”可 替 换 为“It has both advantages and disadvantages.”。

第一段可概括为“More and more students take part-time jobs,which has both advantages and disadvantages.”。

2.demonstrate their abilities可替换为capable。

第二段可概括为“After taking part-time jobs,students become capable,independent and considerate.”。

3.reduce their time for sleep,rest,study and activities可替换为take up much time。

第三段可概括为“Others think that part-time jobs take up much time.”。

4.“Be confident that you can deal with these two items.”可替换为“Students should balance their study and work.”。

第四段可概括为“Students should balance their work and study.”。

5.keep a good balance可替换为balance。

第五段可概括为“It's necessary for students to balance work and study.”。

Step 5 Combine the paraphrases to form a coherent(连贯的)summary

两种不同观点用both...and连接；两种观点之间用while连接表示比较；最后用in a word开头做总结，使得文章上下文连贯、有逻辑。

概要写作还需要注意以下几点：

1.客观性

概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想。写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容。特别需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”和“I think”等词句。

2.简洁性

能简则简，避免繁复。概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过删除细节，减少例证，简化描述，以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。

3.连贯性

概要写作并不像写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些连词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。

切记：概要写作不分段！