王加倍　王久兴

摘要：研究了不同浮板形式对静止浮板水培叶用莴苣（Lactuca sativa L.）生长的影响，结果表明，使用上、下厚度均为2 cm的双层浮板栽培叶用莴苣效果最好。其株型较大，株高26.72 cm，开展度32.15 cm，茎粗10.90 mm，叶片数9.81片，叶长23.56 cm，叶宽14.63 cm，叶面积229.78 cm2，根体积9.54 cm3;生物积累量高，冠鲜质量为47.51 g，根鲜质量9.48 g，总鲜质量56.99 g，冠干质量3.037 0 g，根干质量0.935 3 g，总干质量3.972 3 g;营养品质与常规灯芯式深水培相近。因此，进行叶用莴苣静止浮板水培，可以使用上层厚2 cm，定植孔直径2 cm，下层厚2 cm，定植孔直径5 cm的双层浮板。

关键词：无土栽培;水培;浮板;叶用莴苣（Lactuca sativa L.）

中图分类号：S317;S636.2         文献标识码：A

文章编号：0439-8114（2019）18-0082-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.020           开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of different floating plate types on lettuce cultivated by

floating hydroponics technique

WANG Jia-bei1，WANG Jiu-xing2

（1.College of Horticulture，Nanjing Agricultural University，Nanjing 210095，China;

2.College of Horticulture， Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology，Qinhuangdao 066000，Hebei，China）

Abstract： The effects of different floating plate types on lettuce（Lactuca sativa L.） cultivated by floating hydroponics technique were studied. The results showed that the effects of the double-layer floating plate with the upper and lower thickness of 2 cm of lettuce was the best. The plant shape was large. Its plant height was 26.72 cm， plant width was 32.15 cm，stem diameter was 10.90 mm， leaf number was 9.81，leaf length was 23.56 cm，leaf width was 14.63 cm，leaf area was 229.78 cm2， and root volume was 9.54 cm3. The biomass was high. Its fresh mass of crown was 47.51 g，fresh mass of root was 9.48 g， total fresh mass was 56.99 g， dry mass of crown was 3.037 0 g， root dry mass was 0.935 3 g，total dry mass was 3.972 3 g. The nutritional quality was similar to that of conventional lamp core. Therefore， the double-deck floating plate that comprised two pieces polystyrene foam plastics plates， one pieces thickness was 2 cm and the fixed holes diameter was 2 cm，the other pieces thickness was 2 cm and the diameter of planting hole was 5 cm， can be used for hydroponics of leaf lettuce.

Key words： soilless culture; hydroponics; floating plate; lettuce（Lactuca sativa L.）

浮板水培是指將蔬菜定植在漂浮于营养液液面的轻质浮板上，蔬菜根系伸入营养液中吸收水分和养分，浮板可在液面移动的一种无土栽培形式。其优点是：成本低廉、节能省工、管理方便。浮板紧贴液面并随液面升降，栽培过程中无需调节液位;栽培池中营养液量比其他水培多，营养液对酸碱缓冲能力强，无需频繁调节。因此，该形式在都市观光农业领域较受欢迎[1，2]。如果浮板水培的营养液不在水泵驱动下循环流动，也不进行曝气增氧，而处于静止状态，笔者称之为静止浮板水培。静止浮板水培设施简单，节省电力，但其使用技术，鲜见报道。

由于静止浮板水培的蔬菜根系完全浸泡于营养液中，暴露在空气中的呼吸根极少，而营养液又处于非流动的静止状态，溶解氧含量低，常抑制根系呼吸，导致蔬菜生长缓慢，甚至在高温环境下出现沤根现象。因此，如何解决根系呼吸问题，让根际有足够的氧气，是这一栽培方式的技术关键。