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早产儿胃食管反流的临床护理方法及效果研究

2019-11-08史丽峰

中外医疗 2019年23期
关键词:常规护理综合护理早产儿

史丽峰

[摘要] 目的 分析对胃食管反流早产儿加强综合护理干预的护理效果。 方法 2017年10月—2018年10月,随机选取该院收治的72例胃食管反流早产儿随机分为两组,将行常规护理干预的早产儿归为对照组(n=36),将行综合护理干预的早产儿归为观察组(n=36),对比两组返流次数、最长返流持续时间、每日体重增长情况、吸入性肺炎与呕吐发生情况。 结果 观察组返流次数少于对照组,最长返流持续时间短于对照组,每日体重增长量多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=43.234 0、15.663 6、25.969 8,P<0.05);观察组吸入性肺炎、呕吐发生率分别为2.78%、5.56%,低于对照组的16.67%、25.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.956 0、5.257 8,P<0.05)。结论 对胃食管反流早产儿加强综合护理干预的护理效果显著,利于减少返流次数,改善早产儿体重,降低吸入性肺炎与呕吐发生率。

[关键词] 胃食管反流;早产儿;常规护理;综合护理;反流次数;体重

[中图分类号] R473          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-0742(2019)08(b)-0154-03

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the nursing effect of strengthening comprehensive nursing intervention for premature infants with gastroesophageal reflux. Methods From October 2017 to October 2018, 72 patients with gastroesophageal reflux preterm infants admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into two groups. The premature infants who underwent routine nursing intervention were assigned to the control group (n=36). Premature infants who underwent comprehensive nursing intervention were assigned to the observation group (n=36). The number of reflux, the longest reflux duration, daily weight gain, aspiration pneumonia and vomiting were compared between the two groups. Results The number of reflux in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. The longest reflux time was shorter than that in the control group. The daily weight gain was more than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (t=43.234 0, 15.663 6, 25.969 8, P<0.05). The incidence of aspiration pneumonia and vomiting in the observation group were 2.78% and 5.56%, respectively, which was lower than 16.67% and 25.00% in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=3.956 0, 5.257 8, P<0.05). Conclusion The nursing effect of comprehensive nursing intervention for premature infants with gastroesophageal reflux is significant, which is beneficial to reduce the number of reflux, improve the weight of premature infants, and reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and vomiting.

[Key words] Gastroesophageal reflux; Premature infants; Routine nursing; Comprehensive nursing; Reflux number; Weight

研究顯示,有超过90%的早产儿在出生1周之内便会出现胃食管反流现象,主要表现为喷射性呕吐、轻度呕吐以及溢乳等,通常还会有精神运动发育迟缓现象伴随出现[1-2]。严重情况下,患儿甚至还会出现呼吸暂停、拒食、易激惹、烦躁不安等现象,更有甚者会出现便血或者呕血,引发缺铁性贫血[3-4]。反流物极易被吸入到患儿气管内,反流程度越高,患儿并发吸入性肺炎的几率也越大,严重情况下甚至会导致患儿窒息或者引发猝死综合征,严重伤害早产儿家庭,亟需对其进行高度重视[5-6]。该研究对2017年10月—2018年10月该院收治的72例胃食管反流早产儿进行研究,报道如下。

该研究中,观察组返流次数少于对照组,最长返流持续时间短于对照组,每日体重增长量多于对照组(t=43.234 0、15.663 6、25.969 8,P<0.05),提示对胃食管反流早产儿加强综合护理干预利于减少返流次数,缩短返流持续时间,增加早产儿体重。其次,观察组吸入性肺炎、呕吐发生率分别为2.78%、5.56%,低于对照组的16.67%、25.00%(χ2=3.956 0、5.257 8,P<0.05),进一步证明加强综合护理干预的必要性,利于降低吸入性肺炎与呕吐发生率。杨丽艳等[14]学者经研究也發现,综合护理组患儿胃食管返流次数为3次,明显少于对照组的13次,同时新生儿每日增长体重高于对照组,这也证明了综合护理干预的有效性。究其原因,综合护理干预属于一种全面化、综合化、整体化的护理模式,通过采取体位护理、洗胃护理、抚触护理、病情观察以及家庭护理等,利于改善胃食管反流症状,促使患儿更快康复。

综上所述,对胃食管反流早产儿加强综合护理干预的护理效果显著,利于减少返流次数,改善早产儿体重,降低吸入性肺炎与呕吐发生率。

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(收稿日期:2019-05-16)

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