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Chao Xueting, Ph. D. Candidate, Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Dong Xiaobo, Ph. D. Candidate, Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

As the administrative complex directly under the central government, the archives management and preservation capacity of Drehem in Ur III dynasty probably represents the highest level that could be reached at that time. By collecting and analyzing the archive management documents unearthed in Drehem combining with a large number of related previous research results, it is speculated that there may be a special archive department exist. Along with continuous improvement of archive management, a relatively mature archives management system came into being in the Ur III Dynasty. This fi nding not only helps for the study of the overall archive management system of the Ur III dynasty, but also provides new clues for deepening the political and economic research of this period.

Ur III Dynasty; Drehem; Archive Practice; Sumerian Civilization

Title: The Inheritance and Reformation of the Sophistic Tradition: An Interpretation of the Proem of…………….………………………………………………………………….…………………………/12

He Cheng, Researcher Appointed Specially, Department of History (Zhuhai), SunYat-Sen University,Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, China.

Isocrates’ remarks about Gorgias in the proem of his speech,, combine two contradictory lines of reception, endorsing and critical. Taking it as a sample, this article analyzes the relationship between Isocrates’ rhetorical teaching and the Sophistic tradition. In4, Gorgias is impugned for his empty philosophical position. Isocrates criticizes the sophists’ philosophizing as trivial, in order to introduce two new requirements to his own rhetorical teaching: the thematic and the pragmatic, and to dissociate himself from the Sophists. Meanwhile, Isocrates inherits the tradition of Gorgias by focusing on Homer and discussing myths in his text. He praises the sophists’ choice of Helen as the theme of his discourse. In order to address the importance of moral education when writing speeches, Isocrates paid attention to both content and way of presentation.

Isocrates; Gorgias; Helen

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Chen Lijun, Professor, Research Institute of European Civilization, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin,300387, China.

Derived from the natural right, the rights of the poor are referred to the rights of living, equality,and resistance of the poor people. In the historical context of Western Europe, the conception of the rights of the poor originated fi rst from the Christian doctrine and the Germanic customary law. Through the continuous interpretation of the medieval canonist, eventually, the theory of the rights of the poor came into being. The Medieval rights of poor theory contributed to the formation of modern Western theory of rights.Studies about the rights of the poor theory may help to look into the continuity and inherent logic of the Western European historical development.

Rights of the poor; Christianity; customary law; natural rights

Title: New Approaches in the Research of the Constitutional History of Medieval England: A Review of by Meng Guanglin……………………………………/31

Wang Dong, Assistant Professor, Law School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.

by Professor Meng Guanglin has recently been published. Under the guidance of historical materialism and inspired by Chinese experiences, this book examins the existing Western scholarship related to political realty, written documents, and the history of institutions. In doing so, this book raises two principles in political history study, namely, principle of bene fi ts and principle of realty. Although some fl aws can be seen in terms of content, translation, and wording, this book provides a solid contribution to the study of the Medieval England constitutional history.

Constitution; Monarchy; Meng Guanglin; new approaches

Title: A Comparative Study of the Section of the and the Section in the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips…………………………………………………………………………………/41

Xu Zhaochang, Professor, College of Humanities, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China;Shi Ningning, Ph.D Candidate, College of Humanities, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China.

The of fi cial duty of Taipu(太仆) recorded inincludes mainly four aspects: to supervise the outlook of the king who appeared in formal occasions, to assist the king in ritual activities,to dispatch the king’s orders and to accept the feedbacks, and to look after the reports from the vassals.In addition, Taipu is also the of fi cial in charge of the operation of the lugu(路鼓) system which aims at collecting common people’s legal appeals. The of fi cial She(摄 ) recorded in Sheming(《摄命》) section of the Tsinghua bamboo slips has the similar responsibilities. Such a similarity suggests that there might be connections betweenand.

Tsinghua Bamboo Slips;; Taipu;;

Cheng Fulei, Lecturer, College of Humanities of Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.

The phrase “Tang possesses pure virtue following Yin” incan also be seen in several other ancient documents. In the context, the meaning of the two terms “fuyou”(抚有 ) and“xianyou”(咸有 ) are both possession, while the word “ji”(及 ) is used as a verb instead of a conjunction.Therefore, the meaning of whole phrase is that because of the guidance of Yi Yin(伊尹), Tang(汤)obtained the pure virtue. Since Yi Yin is taken as the messenger of Gods, his deeds are described as re fl ections of the universe in.

Pure virtue; Yi Yin; Ji; universe and Man

Lu Hao, Lecturer, School of History and Culture, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University,Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330038, China.

During the Six Dynasties, some families dominated the positions of provincial governors and county heads for generations, which is referred in this study as family rules. There were two types of family rules.One is the hereditary rule of the aboriginal families and the other is the discontinuous rule of the migrant families. The aboriginal families mainly ruled by relying on clan power and their local in fl uence, while the migrant families mainly ruled by relying on the court support and their relationship with some local of fi cials and people. The two types of family rules are both based upon the foundation of family alliance, which re fl ects the strong power of the elite families in that region. With some defects, the family rule reduced the cost of the court and bene fi ted the social order of that region.

Six Dynasties; Lingnan; family rule; power structure

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Zheng Peng, Lecturer, School of Marxism, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070,China.

From the Tang dynasty to the Song and Jin dynasties, the status of Tuiguan(推官) changed from the personal assistants of the governors to formal local of fi cials. Tuiguan was abolished in the beginning of the Yuan dynasty and later restored again in Lu(路) and Sanfu(散府) levels for local judicial affairs.Although the Yuan court paid attention to legal knowledge and experience in selecting Tuiguan, there was no special channel established for Tuiguan selection whatsoever. As the sole full-time judicial of fi cers in the Lu and Fu level, Tuiguan was responsible for appealed lawsuit and all criminal related cases. Nevertheless,they did not have the full authority to make fi nal decisions.

Yuan dynasty; Tuiguan; Lu; judicial affairs

Title: A Study of the Distortions by Jiao Fang in ……………/73

Ji Hailong, Lecturer, Department of History, School of Social Development, Langfang Normal College,Langfang, Hebei, 065000, China.

Jiao Fang (焦芳), one of the chief compilers ofin the Ming dynasty, was accused of distorted writings in that record. Some of his contemporaries proposed either to recompile the whole book or to make partial revisions. While the re-compilation plan was totally rejected,the revision plan was not likely carried out. Later scholars, such as Wang Shizhen (王世贞), examined the evidences of Jiao Fang’s distortions and explained his motivation. Even so, the value ofshould not be underestimated as did the early Qing historians. The found distortions are limited in personal characters, other than broad state affairs. In addition, other chief compilers such as Li Dongyang(李东阳) and Yang Tinghe(杨廷和) who did not stop the distortions in the fi rst place and did not make efforts to make necessary corrections were also responsible for the appearance of this record.

Jiao Fang;; Distortion in historical writing

Title: Facts and Faction about the Pedigree of Japanese Emperors: A Study of and……………………………………………………………………………………/82

Ma Yunchao, Ph.D Candidate, School of History, Nanjing University, Nanking, 210023, China.

The historical data source about the Japanese emperor’s pedigree inis, which was presented to Emperor Taizong of the Song by a Japanese monk called Chōren. In, the original text ofwas revised. All content about the post-Tang times were deleted. Based upon the comments made by Chōren,changed the story of Japanese monks to China for religious purpose into a story of Japanese ambassadors dispatched to the Tang. In addition, there are some errors in writing and source interpretation.re fl ects the Northern Song scholars’ knowledge about Japanese history.

;;; Chōren; ambassadors to the Tang; relationship between Tang and Japan

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Sun Weiguo, Professor, College of History, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.

During the Chosŏn Imjin War(1592—1593) against Japanese invasion, Ming Generals Song Yingchang(宋应昌) and Li Rusong(李如松) led a troop into Korea and recovered Pyongyang, Kaisong,the Capital and other places. Before the action, in order to get the Ming army come to Korea as soon as possible, the Chosŏn court told the Ming court that grains enough for one month had been prepared for the Ming army, which was a lie because the Korean grain storage system had been destroyed by the Japanese earlier. Due to the insuf fi ciency of Chosŏn administration and that silver was not commonly in use in Korea,the Ming army could hardly obtain grain supply from Chosŏn government or purchase grains in Korean market. Eventually, the Ming army had no choice but accepted the term of peace talks.

The Imjin War; grain supplying system; Song Yingchang; Li Rusong; silver

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Li Qi, Professor, Institute of Central Asia, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710119, China;Sun Yu, Lecturer, School of public administration, Xi’an University of Finance and Economics, Xi’an, Shanxi,710100, China.

Central Asian Miniature is a precious heritage of human civilization. In central Asia, many ethnic groups, religions and cultures coexisted. It is therefore a birthplace of many cultural phenomena and a center of exchanges of different human achievements. The Silk Road connecting the East and the West functioned as a particular space for meeting, mutual penetration, and spread of different cultural elements.Central Asian Miniature is one of a kind painting that integrates Persian, Arab, Chinese, and other cultural elements. It not only presents the exquisite skills of craftsmen and artists, but also highlights different characteristics of historical periods.

The Silk Road; central Asia; ethnic communication; integration of Civilizations; Miniature

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Wan Xiang, Lecturer, Institute of Silk Road Studies, Xibei University, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710069, China;Han Feixue, Ph.D Candidate, Department of History, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275,China.

This is the record of an interview to outstanding British Numismatist Joe Cribb. In the interview,Joe Cribb introduced his professional career, the numismatic methodology, and the basic academic merits a numismatist to possess. During the interview, Joe Cribb and his colleague Robert Bracey also talked about the research subjects about the coinage of different states along the Silk Road, as well as their suggestions to Chinese numismatic studies.

Numismatics; Joe Cribb; the Silk Road

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