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语法填空中词类转换的命题规律

2019-09-19吴辉兵

广东教育·高中 2019年8期
关键词:词类真题形容词

吴辉兵

构词法是考试大纲列出的考查项目,也是帮助我们扩大词汇量的法宝。但在平时的复习中,往往没有得到很多学生的重视。部分教师即便开展了构词法复习,也仅限于简单提一下派生、转化、合成,罗列一堆前后缀,缺乏针对性,效率低下。

如何高效复习?高考题是由专家组精心打磨的试题,具有较高的信度和效度,更具有高三复习指挥棒的引领作用。我们要研究高考题,避免题海战术,才能提高复习的针对性,提高我们复习的效率。本文以2015~2019年五年高考英语全国卷的语法填空试题为例,说明我们应该如何更好地开展高三词类转换复习。

真题回顾

我们先做一做2015~2019五年的高考真题:

全国Ⅰ卷

1.(2015年)It __________(regular)arranges quick getaways here ...

2.(2016年)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _________(attract).

3.(2016年)The title will be__________(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.

4.(2017年)However, be__________(care)not to go to extremes.

5.(2018年)Running is cheap, easy and its always______ (energy).

6.(2018年)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to__________(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.

7.(2019年)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ______(poor)studied.

8.(2019年)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a__________(believe)that populations are increasing.

Keys: 1. regularly 2. attraction 3. officially 4. careful 5. energetic 6. strengthen 7. poorly 8. belief

全國Ⅱ卷

1.(2015年)What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __________(able) to “air condition” a house ...

2.(2015年)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat __________(slow)during cool nights.

3.(2015年)As__________(nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out ... .

4.(2016年)...youll feel a real sense of_______(achieve)

5.(2016年)...if we take short breaks________(regular).

6.(2017年) ...and it must have been_________(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.

7.(2017年)This development was only possible with the __________(introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts.

8.(2017年)The central London Railway was one of the most__________(success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.

9.(2018年)A taste for meat is__________(actual)behind the change: ...

10.(2018年)This switch has decreased__________(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

11.(2018年)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __________(globe)fertilizer consumption.

12.(2019年)Her years of hard work have__________(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.

13.(2019年)We are so proud of her. Its______(wonder).

Keys: 1. ability 2. slowly 3. natural 4. achievement  5. regularly 6. fairly 7. introduction 8. successful 9. actually 10. pollution 11. global 12. finally 13. wonderful

全国Ⅲ卷

1.(2016年)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which__________(gradual) turned into chopsticks.

2.(2016年)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius ... influenced the_______________(develop)of chopsticks.

3.(2017年)She is determined to carry on with her______(educate).

4.(2017年)It is_________(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.

5.(2018年) Im a__________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.

6.(2019年)When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting__________ (compete) to watch,together with the story behind it.

7.(2019年)They also shared with us many___________(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were_________(huge)popular with tourists.

Keys: 1. gradually 2. development 3. education 4. certainly 5. scientist 6. competition 7. traditional; hugely

尋找规律

全国卷无论哪一套,每年都考查词类转换,具体情况见下表:

从上表可以看出,

1. 全国Ⅰ卷,每年1~2道;全国Ⅱ卷,每年2~3道;全国Ⅲ卷,每年1~3道。

2. 重点考查形容词转换副词、动词转换名词、名词转换形容词。形容词转换名词、名词转换动词和名词转换表“人”名词各考查过一次。

复习重点

针对以上分析和得出的规律,我们就可以有的放矢,高效复习。

近五年都考查基本的、常见的单词和后缀,没有涉及前缀和较复杂的词形变化,更没有涉及二次转换和肯否转换。所以我们在选题上,应该遵循高考规律,不选偏题怪题。

对于动词、形容词和名词的词类转换复习,我们要依据频率,结合规律,侧重复习。

结语

在高三复习中,我们要花大力气研究高考,分析真题,结合实践,探寻规律,进而优化复习,提高效率。本文虽然仅从语法填空试题中的词类转换考查点进行分析,但是希望能抛砖引玉,给大家提供一些思路和可借鉴的做法。

责任编辑 蒋小青

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