唐义均　赵天铱

Passage

Both WHO’s constitution and the declaration assert that health is a human right， not a privilege for those who can afford it. Over time， that right has made its way into both national and international law. But importantly， the right to health is not simply a noble idea on a piece of paper.

It has been a platform for major improvements in global health. Since 1948， life expectancy has increased by 25 years. Maternal and childhood mortality have plummeted. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio is on the brink. We have turned the tide on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Deaths from malaria have dropped dramatically. New vaccines have made once-feared diseases easily preventable. And there are many other causes for celebration. But even as we continue to struggle with old threats， new ones have arisen. Climate change will have profound effects on health. Antimicrobial resistance has the potential to undo the gains of modern medicine. Vaccine hesitancy is putting millions of young lives at risk. Noncommunicable diseases， including heart disease， stroke， cancer， diabetes， hypertension， lung diseases and mental illnesses have become the major killers of our time. And of course， we continue to face the ever-present threat of outbreaks and other health emergencies.

In the past 12 months， WHO has responded to 47 emergencies in 50 countries. We are currently responding to an outbreak of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo， very near the border with Uganda. As of today， there have been 373 cases and 216 deaths since the outbreak started in August. So far， we have managed to prevent Ebola from spreading across the border， partly （largely） because we have much better tools with which to fight Ebola than at any time in history. More than 32，000 people have been vaccinated， which is one of the reasons the outbreak has not spread further than it has. We also have ways to treat those infected. So far， 150 people have been treated with one of four drugs. 14 million travelers have been screened， there have been more than 190 safe and dignified burials， we have done door-to-door advocacy in almost 4000 households and we have trained more than 500 community leaders. But this outbreak has been much more difficult to control， largely because of the security situation in eastern DRC. Armed groups operating in the area conduct regular attacks on the city of Beni， the epicentre of the outbreak. And every time there is an attack， the virus gets an advantage. Vaccination and contact tracing are disrupted.

Health security and health systems are the two sides of the same coin. The best long-term investment in protecting and promoting the right to health is to invest in stronger health systems. Because there is simply no other way to achieve universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs） than primary health care， with a focus on health promotion and disease prevention. But it will also require WHO and the global health community to work in a much more integrated and coherent way. That’s why WHO and 10 other international health agencies have agreed to work together on a Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-Being. The plan has three strategic approaches： integrate， accelerate and account1. First， we have committed to integrate many of our processes to increase our collective efficiency. Second， we have committed to accelerate progress by identifying areas of work in which we can truly bend the curve and make more rapid progress towards the health-related SDGs—like research and development， data and sustainable financing.2 And third， we have committed to keep each other accountable， both to the people we serve， and to the donors and partners who expect results from the resources they give us.

【参考译文】

世卫组织的章程和宣言均宣称，健康是一项人权，而不是那些有钱维持身体健康的人群的特权。久而久之，健康权已经写入国内法和国际法。但重要的是，健康权不仅仅是高大上的纸上谈兵。

健康权一直是全球重大卫生改善的行动目标。自1948年以来，人类预期寿命延长了25岁。产妇死亡率和儿童死亡率大幅下降。天花已得到根除，脊髓灰质炎也已基本解决。艾滋病蔓延的态势得到扼制。死于疟疾的人数大幅下降。新疫苗使曾经令人谈之色变的疾病变得易于预防。还有许多其他可喜可贺的事情。但正在我们不断与旧威胁较量之时，新威胁已经出现。气候变化将对健康产生深远影响。细菌耐药性有可能使现代医学的成果付诸东流。对接种疫苗的犹疑态度正将数百万年轻生命置于危险之中。包括心脏病、中风、癌症、糖尿病、高血压、肺病和精神疾病在内的非传染性疾病已成为我们这个时代的主要杀手。当然，我们还要面对无时不在的疾病爆发和其他紧急卫生事件的威胁。

过去12个月，世卫组织应对了50个国家的47起紧急事件。目前，我们正在应对刚果民主共和国在靠近与乌干达边界处爆发的埃博拉疫情。自8月疫情爆发以来，迄今已有373例病例和216例死亡。截至目前，我们成功阻断了埃博拉病毒跨境传播，部分原因（很大程度上）是我们有了有史以来最好的抗击埃博拉的方法。超过3.2万人接种过疫苗，这是疫情没有像以往那样向更大范围蔓延的原因之一。对感染者，我们也治疗有方。迄今为止，已有150人接受了四种药物中的一种进行治疗。1400万旅客通过了筛查，190多人得到了安全、体面的安葬;我们对近4000个家庭挨家挨户进行宣传，培训了500多名社区领袖。但此次疫情更加难以控制，主要原因是刚果民主共和国东部的安全形势。在该地区活动的武装组织定期对疫情中心班尼市发动袭击。每次袭击，病毒都会趁势传播，疫苗接种和接触者追踪都会受阻。

卫生安全和卫生体系是同一枚硬币的正反两面。保护和促进健康权的最佳长期投入就是投资建立更强大的卫生体系。实现全民健康覆盖和可持续发展目标的唯一途径就是初级医疗保健，重点在于促进健康和预防疾病。但这也将要求世卫组织和全球卫生界以更加协调一致的方式开展工作。这就是世卫组织和其他10个国际卫生机构同意在“健康生活和福祉的全球行动计划”上同心勠力的原因。该计划有三大战略举措：整合、加速和担当。第一，我们承诺整合诸多程序，以提高集体效率。第二，我们承诺加速前进，确定能够真正扭转局势、朝着健康相关的可持续发展目标——如研发、数据和可持续融资等——快步迈进的工作领域。第三，我们承诺相互担当，既对我们服务的对象有所担当，也对那些希望自己提供给我们的资源发挥作用的捐助者和合作伙伴有所担当。

【评注】

1. 本句中的account （vi.）是语境语义，必须根据下面的we have committed to keep each other accountable一句來决定意义。这一句子是对account的解释，因此应译为“担当（责任）”。

2. 句子中的by identifying areas of work表示方式，“in which we can truly bend the curve and make more rapid progress…”是定语从句。其中，bend the curve的字面意思是“弯曲曲线”，但它隐喻“改变局面或发展方向”。因此，可处理成“确定能够真正扭转局势、朝着健康相关的可持续发展目标——如研发、数据和可持续融资等——快步迈进的工作领域”。