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垃圾焚烧电厂汽轮机真空严密性优化

2019-06-27程勇强

科技创新与应用 2019年9期

程勇强

摘  要:进行真空严密性试验时,负荷稳定在80%以上,真空严密性试验中环境温度不能升高,自然风速不大于3m/s,真空严密性试验中稳定负荷,波动不超过0.003MW。在停止抽气设备的条件下,试验时间为8min,取后5min的真空下降速度的平均值(Pa/min)。在本次问题探究中,汽封加热器的设计不合理是导致问题的最主要原因,疏水膨胀箱的其他疏水内漏和真空系统泄漏是导致问题的次要原因。在后续的真空严密性试验中,仍然出现过疏水膨胀箱其他疏水未关闭严密导致真空严密性试验不合格的情况,在关紧后再次试验时试验仍能达到优良标准。在正常运行中,加强有关疏水的检查,发现阀门未关紧时应及时关回,存在内漏情况时应在具备条件后进行处理。

关键词:汽轮机组;真空严密性试验;汽封加热器

中图分类号:TK263        文献标志码:A         文章编号:2095-2945(2019)09-0120-02

Abstract: When the vacuum tightness test is carried out, the load is stable above 80%, the ambient temperature can not be increased in the vacuum tightness test, the natural wind speed is not more than 3 m/s, and the load is stable and the fluctuation is not more than 0.003MW in the vacuum tightness test. Under the condition of stopping the pumping equipment, the test time is 8 min. the average vacuum drop velocity (Pa/min) of 5min is taken. In this problem, the unreasonable design of steam seal heater is the main cause of the problem, and other hydrophobic internal leakage of hydrophobic expansion tank and vacuum system leakage are the secondary causes of the problem. In the subsequent vacuum tightness test, there are still some cases in which the vacuum tightness test is not qualified because of the other hydrophobic expansion box is not closed tightly, and the test can still reach the excellent standard when it is re-tested after closing. In normal operation, strengthen the inspection of drainage, it is found that the valve should be closed back in time when it is not closed, and should be dealt with after the conditions are met when there is an internal leakage.

Keywords: steam turbine unit; vacuum tightness test; steam seal heater

1 研究意义

节能降耗是当今经济社会发展的重要课题,是打造“美丽中国”的重要一环。近几年来,我国把节能降耗作为一项主要的国策来执行,在我国能耗比例中,工业用能一直以来占我国终端能耗的60%左右,单位产品的能耗显著高于国外先进水平。为响应国家号召,保证机组经济稳定运行,解决一分厂汽轮机真空严密性试验不合格,节能降耗问题刻不容缓。

2 原因初步分析

经初步检查与数据观察,认为主要有以下三点原因导致李坑一厂汽轮机真空严密性试验不合格。

2.1 真空泄漏

2017年11月26日至11月30日,委托外单位专业队伍对汽轮机真空系统进行了检测分析,同時对设备存在的问题进行了处理。

经过对机组低压缸本体、低加系统、凝结水系统、加热器疏水系统、扩容器疏水系统及本体、低加各抽汽管道、真空抽气系统、低压旁路系统、机组补水系统、轴封加热器疏水系统、排汽缸喉部及空冷岛等系统所有阀门、法兰及管道等设备进行检测,发现#1机组汽封冷却器至凝汽器疏水膨胀水箱手动阀、平衡管疏水截止阀、低加加热器空气门内漏、前轴封、后轴封、前轴封平衡管根部法兰、后轴封平衡管根部法兰垫片、低加加热器液位计疏水法兰、轴封回汽疏水管存在泄漏真空现象。

以上真空系统漏点导致运行中外部环境空气由漏点位置吸入真空系统,运行中真空降低、进行真空严密性试验时真空下降速率过快,试验不合格。

2.2 汽封加热器液位

汽封加热器水封桶存在设计缺陷(水封桶高度偏低);汽封加热器未设置液位计,无法监视汽封加热器液位,汽封加热器疏水经疏水膨胀箱与凝汽器连接,若液位过低,可能导致汽封侧高温漏汽直接进入疏水膨胀箱至凝汽器;此外,汽封加热器未设计自动疏水装置,无法保证汽封加热器维持稳定液位运行。