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风之韵

2019-04-01

初中生·考试 2019年4期
关键词:维吉尼亚塔斯指南针

原作節选

John Smith stayed with Pocahontas for some days. She learnt some English, and he learnt more of her language. Soon they were good friends.

B u t P o w h a t a ns m e n w a t c h e d Smith carefully, and he could not leave the village. Then one day Powhatan said,“You can go home to Jamestown, John Smith. But you must give me two of your big guns.”

John Smith did not like this, but he could not say no. So he went back to Jamestown, and Pocahontas, Opekankanu, and some Indians went with him.

But the guns were very big, and of course, the Indians could not move them.

“Look,” said Smith. “You cant carry these guns through the forest. But I can give you some gunpowder1 for Powhatan. Here, take it. Be very careful with it.”

“Thank you,” Opekankanu said. “But one day, we want these big guns too. They are very important for us.”

“Perhaps2,” said Smith. “But we want to be your friends, and friends are better than guns.”

That winter, Pocahontas came to Jamestown every week with food for the Englishmen. She learnt many interesting things in Jamestown.

“Look at this, Pocahontas,” John Smith said one day. He had a compass3 in his hand.

“What is it?” Pocahontas asked. She tried to put her finger on the arrow4 in the compass, but she couldnt.

“Its a compass. The arrow always points5 to the north,” Smith said. “Where is the north? Do you know?”

“Of course I know. All my people know that.”

“Well, look — the arrow in the compass knows it too!”

“Why cant I put my finger6 on it?”

Smith smiled. “Because of the glass. You can see through glass, but you cant put your finger through it.”

“Yes,” she said slowly. “But — what is a compass for?”

“It helps us in our ships when we cant see the sky,” he said. “Which way do we go? Where is the North? The compass tells us all that.”

Pocahontas was interested in everything.She loved to talk to John Smith, and she learnt many things about England and the English.

In March and April 1608, two more ships came to Jamestown. Powhatan asked Pocahontas about them.

“How many Englishmen are there now?”he asked.

“There were thirty-eight before the ships came, father. But now there are about a hundred and fifty.”

“Its spring now. They must sow7 corn and vegetables in their fields. Are they doing that?”

“Yes, father. But they arent very good at it. This is a new country for them. They dont understand it.”

“But they must have corn!” Powhatan was angry. “They need food for the winter. We cant give them our corn every year! And we kill animals, birds, and fish for our food— the English must learn to do that too!”

“They are learning, father,” Pocahontas said. “But most of these men come from towns in England. They dont know about these things.”

“Well, they live here now, so they must learn.” said Powhatan. “Or they must give me guns. We have a lot of food in our village, but we need guns. I can give the Englishmen food, but they must give me guns first. Tell that to your English friends, Pocahontas!”

約翰·史密斯与波卡洪塔斯在一起待了一些日子。她学会了一些英语,而他也学会了更多的印第安语。他们很快就成了好朋友。

但波瓦坦的手下把史密斯看得很紧,他无法离开村子。一天,波瓦坦说:“约翰·史密斯,你可以回到詹姆斯敦。但你必须送给我两门你们的大炮。”

约翰·史密斯并不愿意这样做,但他别无选择。于是波卡洪塔斯、奥皮坎卡努和一些印第安人跟他一同回到了詹姆斯敦。

但大炮太大了,印第安人当然没办法挪动它们。

“看,”史密斯说,“你们没法带着这些大炮穿越森林。但我可以让你们带给波瓦坦一些火药。在这儿,拿去吧。千万要小心这个东西。”

“谢谢,”奥皮坎卡努说,“总有一天,我们也会需要这些大炮。它们对我们来说,非常重要。”

“或许吧,”史密斯说,“但我们希望成为你们的朋友,朋友要比枪炮好多了。”

那年冬天,波卡洪塔斯每星期都来詹姆斯敦,给英国人带来食物。她在詹姆斯敦了解到很多有趣的事物。

一天,约翰·史密斯说:“瞧瞧这个,波卡洪塔斯。”他手里拿着一个指南针。

“这是什么?”波卡洪塔斯问道。她想把手指放到指南针的箭头上,却放不上去。

“这是指南针。它的箭头总是指向北方,”史密斯说,“哪里是北方?你认得出吗?”

“我当然认得出。我们这儿所有的人都认得出。”

“好吧,看——指南针里的箭头也认得出北方!”

“为什么我不能把手指放到箭头上面?”

史密斯笑了。“因为有玻璃。你可以透过玻璃看到里面,但你的手指不能透过玻璃摸到里面。”

“的确是这样,”她慢慢地说道,“不过——指南针是用来做什么的?”

“当我们在船上看不清天空的时候,它就起作用了,”他说,“我们应该走哪条路?哪儿是北方?指南针会告诉我们这一切。”

波卡洪塔斯对一切都充满了兴趣。她很喜欢与约翰·史密斯交谈,还了解到很多跟英国和英国人有关的事情。

1608年的3月和4月,又有两艘船来到了詹姆斯敦。波瓦坦向波卡洪塔斯问起此事。

“现在有多少个英国人了?”他问道。

“在这些船到来之前有38个人,父亲。但目前大约已经有150人了。”

“现在是春天,他们一定得在地里种上谷物和蔬菜。他们在种地吗?”

“是的,父亲。但他们不太会种。对他们来说,这是一个新的地区。他们还不太了解这里怎么种地。”

“可他们必须得有谷物啊!”波瓦坦很生气,“他们需要过冬的食物。我们总不能每年都把自己的谷物送给他们吧!我们还靠打猎、射鸟、捕鱼来获取食物——英国人也必须学会这些才行!”

“他们是在学习,父亲,”波卡洪塔斯说,“但他们中的大多数人都来自英国的城镇,对这些事还一窍不通呢。”

“可是,现在他们生活在这里,因此他们必须要学会,”波瓦坦说,“否则他们就得送给我枪炮。我们村子里有很多食物,但我们需要枪炮。我可以送给英国人食物,但他们必须先给我枪炮才行。去把这些都告诉你的英国朋友,波卡洪塔斯!”

相信许多同学都看过迪士尼经典动画《风中奇缘》(Pocahontas)。影片中色彩瑰丽的北美自然景象、淳朴善良的印第安民族、优美的主题曲旋律,以及印第安公主波卡洪塔斯(Pocahontas)与英国船长约翰·史密斯(John Smith)冲破种族藩篱的爱情故事,无不令人印象深刻。但大家可能不知道,这个故事改编自一个400多年前美国殖民时期的真实故事。故事发生的地点在维吉尼亚州(Virginia)的詹姆斯敦(Jamestown)。同时,这也是迪士尼第一部让“非白人”的公主当主角,不以圆满结局(Happy Ending)作为故事结尾的动画片,有着深刻的主题与沉重的历史背景。

影片中美丽天真的波卡洪塔斯在历史上确有其人,到现在詹姆斯敦还保留着她的雕像。她生于1595年,死于1617年,是波瓦坦(Powhatan)最爱的一位女儿。波瓦坦是生活于维吉尼亚州的阿尔冈昆印第安人(Algonquin Indians)的一位酋长。男主角约翰·史密斯的原型更是一位充满传奇色彩的人。作为北美早期的开拓者之一和詹姆斯敦的主要建立者,他极富领袖气质,且根据自身经历出版了一系列有关新世界冒险故事的作品。其中有关波卡洪塔斯的故事就记录在他的《维吉尼亚简史》中。

根据史密斯的描述,印第安人对他们这群外来人充满了不信任感。在一次对临近地区的探索中,他和伙伴们被波瓦坦族人俘虏。正当他被压在地上,无数印第安勇士举起的木棒准备一举敲碎他的头时,年仅12岁的波卡洪塔斯扑在他的身上,用身体保全了他的性命。这段故事一直被美国人津津乐道,也成为了《风中奇缘》的灵感来源。

本期节选的段落正是波卡洪塔斯与史密斯在此事件之后的互动。聪明智慧、好奇心极强的波卡洪塔斯向史密斯学习语言,了解西方文明,同时把自己民族的信仰、文化和传统传达出去。在与酋长父亲的对话中,我们又能清晰地看到她身上体现出的对和平的向往。

(Cici/赏析)

Tip

Jamestown: 詹姆斯敦,位于美国维吉尼亚(Virginia)州,是英国在北美建立的第一个永久定居点(settlement)。1492年哥伦布发现新大陆之后,美洲便成为欧洲大陆各航海大国的觊觎之地。在十五、十六世纪,法国、西班牙、荷兰和英国陆续抵达美洲,试图建立自己的殖民地。1606年底,三艘轮船驶离英国,在历经4个月的艰苦航行后,最终抵达维吉尼亚,建立了第一个聚落并称之为Jamestown,用以荣耀当时的英国国王詹姆士(King James)。在这一群殖民者中,最有名的莫过于船长约翰·史密斯(John Smith),他也是这篇故事的重要男主角。

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