APP下载

完形填空答题策略

2018-01-27闫跃

高中生学习·高二版 2017年12期
关键词:近义词女朋友语篇

闫跃

我們知道完形填空一般是无法根据空格所在句本身确定答案的,解题需要结合上下文。篇章在词汇上体现衔接(词语的同现、复现),在逻辑上体现连贯(因果、转折关系等)。下面结合2017年的高考题,我们从词语复现、词语同现和逻辑关系三个方面加以说明。

[词语复现]

词语复现包括原词复现、同根词复现、同义/近义词复现、上下义词复现,它是衔接语篇的最直接手段,完形填空的很多选项就可以根据这一手段来确定。

例1 (2017·全国卷Ⅲ) A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air to the right woman. But 41 (restrictions) apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallahgher and have a Canadian 42 ... The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可转让) 45 , (policy), but since passport information was not required when 46 (booking), any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47 (use) it.

42. A. origin B. passport C. accent D. friend

解析 上文提到一个加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后,希望免费赠送自己为女朋友低价购买的环球航空旅行票的故事,但不是每个人都能获得这个机会,对方必须是一个名叫Elizabeth Gallagher,而且有加拿大护照的女子。第42空可根据第45~47空所在的句子得出答案,其中第42小题答案与第45空之后的passport构成原词复现。

例2 (2017·全国卷Ⅱ) In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids 41 (entered) “The Thinking Laboratory”. That was the 42 students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43 (dull).

42. A. name B. rule

C. brand D. plan

解析 A。根据此段可以看出,原本这间房子是被编号为Room 104的,但后来学生投票决定把称呼改了,叫作The Thinking Laboratory,由此可知,后者即是学生们为这间房子取的“名字”。the Thinking Laboratory是下义词,答案name是上义词。

例3 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ) While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 (experience) at college for the better.

41. A. searching B. planning

C. natural D. formal

解析 A。段首提到一般而言高中不鼓励学生探索生活中新的方面,但大学却提供了这么做的舞台。后面提到作为大学生的“我”就经历了这个过程。所以可知,名词process(过程)前面的定语应跟“探索”有关,故选择searching。动名词searching可视作名词exploration的近义词,二者构成近义词复现。

[词语同现]

一个语篇往往专注于某一主题或话题,与此相关的词可能会共同出现。语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的现象叫词语同现,这种倾向性被人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系,或者同类互补关系等,如different与same,cruel与friendly,death(死亡)与destruction(毁灭),ill与pale/patient/nurse/doctor/operation等。

例4 (2017·全国卷Ⅱ) Through the years, Id run into former students who would provide 51 (updates) on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52 from high school and remained the same 53 (caring) person I met forty years before.

52. A. graduation B. retirement

C. separation D. resignation

解析 A。前面提到“我”有时会碰到以前的学生,这些学生会给“我”提供一些之前所教学生的最新消息,“我”由此得知Freddy的情况。不难看出,“我”所得知的应该是Freddy“毕业”之后的情况。作为答案的graduation与文中的former students,old classmates和high school很容易联系到一起,它们围绕的主题都是“学校、学生”。

例5 (2017·全国卷Ⅲ) Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May, but their 43 (relationship) ended and he did not want her ticket to 44 (go to waste) ... The 58 is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before 59 (ending) in Toronto on January 8.endprint

58. A. interview B. program

C. trip D. meeting

解析 C。前文提到Jordan Axani和女朋友Elizabeth Gallagher分手了,所以想把女方的环球旅行机票送人,以免浪费。第58空提到的应该是环球旅游的行程安排,故选trip。trip很显然与round-the-world air tickets和ticket构成词语同现。

[逻辑关系]

在语篇当中,逻辑关系有很多种,比如时间上的先后关系、条件与结果的关系等。在完形填空中,考查最多的一般是因果关系、递进关系和转折关系。

例6 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ) Both the hand movements and the very 48 (idea) of communicating without speaking 49 (attracted) me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 (past). This newness just left me 51 , more.

51. A. showing B. acting

C. saying D. wanting

解析 D。前文提到美式手语及其所传递的思想吸引了“我”,“我”所见到的完全不同于以往的经历。根据因果关系,这种新鲜感只会让作者“想要”了解或者学习更多关于美式手语的东西。

例7 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ) I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 (caused) us to learn less.

58. A. Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However

解析 C。本句开头提到“我”意识到安静并非令人不快,后面提到如果课堂有人讲话(不安静),甚至还会降低我们的学习效果,让我们学得更少。二者之间存在递进关系,故选择Instead。

例8 (2017·全国卷Ⅱ) I had advised the kids that while verbs may seem dull, most of the 50 , things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.

50. A. simple B. unique

C. fun D. clever

解析 C。本句前面提到動词也许是枯燥乏味的,根据while(尽管)可知,后面的句子跟它是转折关系,所以后面句子表示的意思应该是“但他们一生之中所做的大部分有趣的事情就是动词(这里的‘动词指的是它所表示的动作)”。endprint

猜你喜欢

近义词女朋友语篇
做你女朋友
怎样辨析近义词
新闻语篇中被动化的认知话语分析
找找近义词
我的“小”女朋友
我的那些女朋友
GRIL女孩
从语篇构建与回指解决看语篇话题
语篇特征探析
语篇填空训练题