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气相色谱—质谱联用法分析粪便中碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物

2017-06-15吴丹杨君君杨帆张波泳杜婕王跃飞

分析化学 2017年6期
关键词:肠道菌群粪便

吴丹+杨君君+杨帆+张波泳+杜婕+王跃飞+许瑞卿

摘 要 建立了一种快速分析人和大鼠粪便中碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物的气相色谱质谱联用法(GCMS)。粪便样品采用75%甲醇溶液提取,加入氨水,使溶液中氨水的终浓度为1%(pH=10)后,GCMS检测分析。采用CPSil 5毛细管柱(25 m × 0.25 mm × 0.12 m); 载气: 高纯氦气,流速1 mL/min; 程序升温; 使用电子轰击(EI)离子源,电子能量: 70 eV; 进样口温度: 220℃,离子源温度: 230℃,传输线温度: 280℃; 电子倍增器电压: 0.95 kV,全扫描模式,扫描范围: m/z 10~600; 溶剂延迟: 3 min。通过检索NIST标准谱库,采用对照品比对及质谱数据解析的方法,在人的粪便样品中检测到11种碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物,在大鼠的粪便样品中检测到7种碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物。本方法处理过程简单,灵敏度高,适用于人和大鼠粪便中碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物的快速分析。

关键词 气相色谱质谱联用法; 粪便; 肠道菌群; 碱性代谢产物

本研究建立了一种快速分析粪便中碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物的气相色谱质谱联用法(GCMS),粪便样品采用75%甲醇溶液提取后,加入终浓度为1%氨水调至pH=10,即可进行分析。 避免了繁琐的衍生化等前处理步骤,提高了样品处理效率,保证了样品中成分检测的可靠性; 同时采用气相色谱质谱联用法检测分析,保证了样品检测的灵敏度。样品溶液采用液体直接进样分析,采用NIST标准质谱库检索并结合对照品比对、化合物质谱裂解规律解析粪便中碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物。在人的粪便中检测到11种碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物,主要包括吲哚、对甲基苯酚、3甲基吲哚、长链脂肪醇、长链脂肪酸酯、二氢胆固醇等; 在大鼠粪便中检测到7种碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物,主要是长链脂肪酸酯和二氢胆固醇等。本方法操作简单,处理时间短,灵敏度高,适用于人和大鼠粪便中碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物的快速分析。

2 实验部分

2.1 仪器、材料与试剂

2.5 数据处理

样品中未知挥发性成分的定性分析: 通过Mass Hunter工作站检索NIST 14.0标准质谱库获得化合物信息,选择分数 > 60的挥发性成分,并结合对照品比对、化合物质谱裂解规律解析粪便中碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物。

3 结果与讨论

3.1 样品处理方法优化

粪便中成分复杂,具有不同极性的化合物,因此本研究中考察了以甲醇、75%甲醇、50%甲醇作为提取溶剂对挥发性代谢物的提取效率。采用75%甲醇作为提取溶剂时,色谱峰多且峰面积最大,因此采用75%甲醇溶液作为提取溶剂。粪便中含有大量碱性化合物,因此,需碱化处理粪便提取液,使碱性成分由離子态转化为游离态,有利于气化; 本研究选择氨水作为碱化试剂,当氨水终浓度为1%时,粪便提取液pH=10,因此将样品溶液中氨水终浓度调为1%。

3.2 人和大鼠粪便中碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物GCMS分析结果

按照2.4节建立的GCMS条件分析混合对照品溶液以及人和大鼠粪便供试品溶液,图2为空白溶剂(图2A)、混合对照品(图2B)、人粪便H3(图2C)和大鼠粪便R2供试品溶液(图2D)的GCMS总离子流图。采用NIST标准质谱库检索并结合对照品比对、化合物质谱裂解规律解析的方法,在人的粪便样品中共检测到11种碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物,在大鼠的粪便样品中检测到7种碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物,人和大鼠的粪便样品中碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物GCMS谱库检索结果见表1。

3.3 人和大鼠的粪便样品中的碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物比例分析

通过峰面积归一化法分别计算人和大鼠的粪便样品的测定结果中各个代谢产物的比例,结果如图5所示。从图5A可见,不同人的粪便样品代谢物比例存在较大差异,尤其是对甲基苯酚(H1: 6.52%,H2: 11.31%,H3: 34.56%),吲哚(H1: 4.17%,H2: 15.47%,H3: 15.67%),3甲基吲哚(H1: 2.09%,H2: 0.86%,H3: 7.68%),二氢胆固醇(H1: 56.01%,H2: 36.36%,H3: 23.74%)。从图5B可见,不同大鼠的粪便样品代谢物比例差异则相对较小。人的粪便样品中对甲基苯酚、吲哚、3甲基吲哚和二氢胆固醇所占比例超过63%,大鼠粪便中未检测到对甲基苯酚,吲哚、3甲基吲哚和二氢胆固醇所占比例低于20%。人的粪便样品中长链脂肪酸甲酯所占比例较小(H1: 5.44%,H2: 26.92%,H3: 8.55%),大鼠粪便中长链脂肪酸甲酯所占比例较大(R1: 75.66%,R2: 81.95%,R3: 87.24%)。

4 结 论

采用气相色谱质谱联用法分析人和大鼠粪便中碱性和中性代谢产物,与现有方法相比,本方法简单、灵敏,可用于粪便样品中碱性和中性挥发性代谢产物的分析。

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Abstract A rapid gas chromatographytandem mass spectrometric (GCMS) method was developed for the analysis of alkaline and neutral volatile metabolites of human and rat feces. Feces were extracted by 75% (V/V) methanol solution. After addition of ammonia solution (pH 10, final concentration of 1%), the supernatant was subjected to GCMS analysis. In the experiment, a CPSil 5 (25 m × 0.25 mm × 0.12 μm) capillary column was utilized to separate the interesting compounds. Helium was employed as a carrier gas at a constant flow rate of 1 mL/min. Oven temperature was programmed as follows: the initial temperature was set at 50℃ and held for 1 min, then increased at 25℃/min to 150℃, sustained for 1 min; increased at 20℃/min to 200℃, held for 2 min; and finally increased at 10℃/min to 270℃, maintained for 5 min. The MS was operated in the electron impact ionization mode at -70 eV. The injector, ion source and transfer line temperatures were maintained at 220℃, 230℃ and 280℃, respectively. Mass data were acquired in full scan mode from m/z 10 to 600. The solvent delay time was set for 3 min. A total of 11 volatile components were identified in the feces from human and 7 in the feces from rats by retrieving the NIST library, comparing with the standards and analyzing the MS data. The method was simple and sensitive in the detection of alkaline and neutral volatile metabolites of feces from human and rats.

Keywords Gas chromatographytandem mass spectrometry; Feces; Gut microbiota; Alkaline metabolites

(Received 13 January 2017; accepted 10 April 2017)

This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Projects for “Major New Drugs Innovation and Development” (No. 2015ZX09J15102004004) and the Tianjin Support Plans for the Top of the Notch Youth Talents.

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