建筑设计：古然与帕利建筑事务所

平特贾马厩屋，阿尔门斯，瑞士

建筑设计：古然与帕利建筑事务所

1 外景/Exterior view

“平特贾屋”项目是由马厩改造而成的住宅，它位于瑞士格劳宾登州阿尔门斯市一个古村的中心。现有建筑由两部分组成，其形体比例保持完全不变。立面的低调改造也仅限于几个区域。在沿街的正立面上，建筑呈现出一种内向的形象。挂板遮住了一部分更大的开口，仅让光线由装饰性的开口射入室内，这种做法在该地区很常见。其他的玻璃带和窗户位于山墙及建筑朝向花园的一侧。一个中心天窗的设计为该建筑深处带来了充足的阳光。

这一设计源于客户的愿望——一座尽可能与自然协调的生态建筑。为此，根据分担荷载的房中房概念，选择了木材和土的组合，以适应现有建筑掏空后的室内状况。水平支撑结构由无金属连接的实木地板/天花构成——这是为露明而制作的。夯土板厚50cm，主要位于建筑的核心部位，在垂直方向上将3层联系起来。这里也有主要的建筑设备构件，包括一体式蓄热供暖器、热激活建筑系统（由地热探测热泵供热）和通风控制设备。除了美学特征以外，平特贾屋的夯土在建筑物理学上也有许多突出优势：能够蓄热和调节湿度——换言之，它是这个住宅温暖而舒适的中心。□ （尚晋 译）

2 吊装的预制夯土墙/All prefabricated rammed earth walls have been installed from above

3 总平面，夯土墙部分承重/Site plan, the rammed earth walls are partly load-bearing

The "Plazza Pintgia" project, a stable converted into a residential house, is located in the heart of the historical village center of the small municipality of Almens in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. The volumetric proportions of the existing building, which consisted of two parts, remained completely unchanged. The low-key changes to the façade are also confined to a few areas. On the street front the building has an introverted appearance. Larger apertures are partly shuttered with cladding panels that only allow light into the interior via their ornamental cut-outs, which are typical of the region. Other strips of glass and windows are located in the gable and on the garden side of the building. A central skylight also admits sufficient daylights into the depths of the building.

The planning was predicated on the client's wish to have an ecological building that was as closely attuned to nature as possible. Accordingly, a combination of wood and earth was selected, on the basis of which a house-within-a-house concept with shared load-bearing functions was developed to fit inside the existing building, which was completely gutted. The horizontal support structure consists of solid timber floors/ceilings without any metal joints -these are crafted as a visible feature. Rammed-earth panels, with a thickness of 50 cm and predominantly positioned in the core of the building, connect all three floors vertically. These also serve as a key building services element, with an integrated storage heater, a thermo-active building system (fed by a geothermal probe heat pump), and ventilation management. Besides its aesthetic properties, the rammed earth in the "Plazza Pintgia" also has major advantages in terms of building physics: it stores heat and regulates humidity - in other words, it serves as the warm and cozy center of the house.□

评论

李烨：在一个木结构的房子里加入夯土墙体是一个困难的工作。3层的夯土墙体必须层层对齐，让压力逐步传递下去。因此我们猜想，新加的夯土墙体“被限制”在少数几个区域，呈现出一种家具式的状态，是一种结合了结构可行性的设计手法。把夯土壁炉放在整个住宅的中心位置是布局的关键。我们知道夯土具有蓄热的材料特性，因此由壁炉产生的热量不会迅速排放出建筑，而是通过夯土材料，缓慢地释放到房间中，起到节能的效果。文中提到的一体式蓄热供暖器，是马丁开发的一种将水暖盘管和保温材料夯筑入墙体的构造技术，是扩展夯土技术范围的有益尝试。

沈康懿：平特贾马厩屋宛若浔阳江头犹抱琵琶的歌女，普通的山岭和村寨，寻常的坡屋外形和裸木肌理，简陋缝隙间展露出星星点点光鲜的马脚和冲突，铜、玻璃与浅色木，虚实间埋下叙事的伏笔。视线从对外观的猜测滑向室内后是氛围瞬变的小惊喜和意料之中的小得意，浅而暖的木料和漆白点点勾画着北欧式的简洁，画风殷实厚重的夯土将轻飘飘的室内氛围拉回了地面，用沧桑坚硬的材料感为新建造的空间强行加入了新旧对话式的设计语言。暗哑的色彩突出空间的层次感和大玻璃所创造出的光影和透明性，横向的材料肌理强化视线的导向和张力，凹凸的漫反射打破光滑的木料和石膏的平面性，突出空间的质感，同时运用夯土表面充满随机性的杂乱刻痕为温顺的室内增添了一些自然平衡的乖戾性格。

4 现有的马厩由两部分组成/The existing stable consists of two parts

5 居住空间正中设置有夯土壁炉/Rammed earth stoves in the center of the living space

6 剖面/Section

7-9 从厨房看向居住空间/Views from the kitchen to the living room and back

Comments

LI Ye:It is a difficult task to add rammed earth walls into a timber-structure house. Three levels of rammed earth walls must strictly align to each other, so as to transfer the pressure down to the ground. Therefore, we suppose a status where additional rammed earth walls only exist in "limited zones", which in some sense can be regarded as furniture to the house. It is a key part of the layout to have the rammed earth fireplace in the center of the house. As we know, rammed earth has the characteristics of heat storage; therefore, the heat generated from the fireplace would not leave the house very quickly. It would need to go through the rammed earth materials and slowly get released into the rooms to save energy. This thermal mass of the massive walls mentioned here comes from Martin's developed construction technique which integrates water heating coils into rammed earth. It is in many ways a beneficial attempt for the techniques of rammed earth. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

SHEN Kangyi:Like the alma holding a Chinese lute in a boat on a river of Tang Dynasty, the Stable Plazza Pintgia exerts its normal surrounding context, worn wood facade and loomed reborn clues including polished copper, glass and light wood as partly exposed textures to set a low-pitched stage for the vividly portrayed story. The view drifting from the exterior to the interior is an emotional process of little surprise due to a sudden changed atmosphere and little complacency for the success of predicting spatial tricks. The Nordic concise style is obvious with the dominance of light warm wood structure and white flat wall and ceiling, while thick, solid and textured earth wall, using its tough materiality to create a specious old-new dialogue in design language, pulls the airy interior atmosphere back to the ground. Its dark color highlights the spatial hierarchy, shadow and transparency created by large windows; its horizontal pattern strengthens the guidance and stress of sight line; the concave and convex diffuse of its surface break the spatial flatness created by the smooth wood and plaster, which emphasizes the sense of material and adds a balanced grumpy character for the tame wood house.

项目信息/Credits and Data

建筑设计/Architects: 古然与帕利建筑事务所/gujan + pally architekten (Curaglia/Igis, Switzerland)

客户/Client: 私人/Private

结构工程/Structural engineer: Plácido Pérez Bauingenieure (Bonaduz, Switzerland)

建筑面积/Floor area: 428m²

夯土/Rammed earth: 59m², 70t

建造周期/Construction phase: 2010

摄影/Photos: Ralph Feiner (fig.1,4,5,7-9), Lehm Ton Erde Baukunst GmbH (fig.2)

Stable Plazza Pintgia, Almens, Switzerland, 2010

Architects: gujan + pally architekten