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甲磺酸齐拉西酮治疗精神发育迟滞伴发激越40例

2015-06-27平军辉潘飞仲照希王丽娜张景丹曹永贺

医药导报 2015年7期
关键词:哌啶甲磺酸拉西

平军辉,潘飞,仲照希,王丽娜,张景丹,曹永贺

(1.新乡医学院第二附属医院早期干预二科,新乡 453002;2.湖北中医药大学中医临床学院,武汉 430065)

·药物与临床·

甲磺酸齐拉西酮治疗精神发育迟滞伴发激越40例

平军辉1,潘飞1,仲照希1,王丽娜1,张景丹1,曹永贺2

(1.新乡医学院第二附属医院早期干预二科,新乡 453002;2.湖北中医药大学中医临床学院,武汉 430065)

齐拉西酮,甲磺酸;氟哌啶醇;精神发育迟滞;激越症状,急性

在精神发育迟滞患者中,精神分裂症患病率较一般人群高2~3倍,并且发病年龄早。研究认为,急性激越是多种精神障碍的常见症状,约21%患者伴有激越行为,表现为易激惹和冲动伤人等[1-2]。急性激越是医护人员受伤的主要原因,同时也对患者本人及其身边的人造成伤害,治疗急性激越有利于保障医护人员安全,并使患者得到合适的治疗[3-5]。国内研究者也曾对急性激越治疗进行了相关研究[6-11]。在国外急诊科已广泛应用齐拉西酮注射液治疗急性激越症状患者[12]。2013年4月—2014年5月,笔者以氟哌啶醇注射液为对照,观察注射用甲磺酸齐拉西酮治疗精神发育迟滞伴发急性激越症状患者的临床疗效与安全性,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.3 疗效判定标准 采用 PANSS对两组患者治疗前及治疗后1,2,4,6,8,12,24,48,72 h各评定 1次。采用不良反应量表(treatment emergent symptom scale,TESS)、 CGI对两组患者治疗后各评定 1次。以上评定量表分别由2位受过专门培训的精神科医师完成。评定之间一致性训练检验Kappa=0.86。通过临床常用PANSS评分系统减分率对患者临床治疗效果进行评分:减分率≥75%基本痊愈,减分率≥50~<75%为显效,减分率≥25%~<50%为好转,减分率<25%为无效。CGI疗效分4级:显效(4分),指症状完全或基本消失;有效(3分),指症状有肯定进步或部分症状消失;稍有效(2分),指症状略有减轻;无变化或恶化(1分),指症状毫无减轻或恶化。不良反应也分4级:无,指没有不良反应;轻,只有较少不良反应,但并不影响患者的功能;中,指不良反应明显影响患者功能;重,指发生了严重的甚至危及患者安全的不良反应。两组均在治疗前和治疗后监测所有数据采用SPSS18.0版统计软件进行统计分析,血常规、血生化及心电图。

1.4 统计学方法 计量资料采用配对t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验。以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 临床疗效 见表1。与本组治疗前比较,两组治疗后不同治疗时间点PANSS评分均差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),说明药物在治疗后1 h即有明显疗效 ,随着时间延长,效果更加明显;两组间比较,治疗后不同时间点PANSS减分率均差异无统计学意义,提示两药对精神发育迟滞伴发急性激越症状都有较好疗效。由表2可知,由PANSS减分率表达的临床好转率(PANSS减分率≥30%),疗程结束时治疗组为46.31%。对照组为 48.81%,两组临床疗效相当(P>0.05)。由表3可知,两组不同治疗时间点CGI疗效总评(病情严重程度改善情况)均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明两种药物在各个阶段疗效相当。

两组各治疗时间点病情均未出现明显恶化;各治疗时间点病情严重程度改善情况组间比较,均差异无统计学意义。

2.2 不良反应 治疗组不良反应发生率27.5%,对照组40.0%,治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组常见不良反应依次为静坐不能(7.5%)、心动过速(5.0%)、困倦(5.0%)。对照组常见的不良反应依次为肌张力亢进(7.5%)、静坐不能(7.5%)、震颤(7.5%)等发生率明显高于治疗组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应症状严重程度多为轻度,患者一般均能耐受。见表4。

表1 两组不同治疗时间点PANSS评分及减分率比较

Tab.1 Comparison of PANSS score and reducing rate at different time points between two groups±s

与本组治疗前比较,*1P<0.01

表2 两组 PANSS减分率等级比较

表3 两组不同治疗时间点CGI疗效总评结果比较

Tab.3 Comparison of results of CGI at different time points between two groups

n=40

表4 两组不良反应比较

Tab.4 Comparison of ADR between two groups

3 讨论

齐拉西酮对D2、5-HT2A、5-HT1D受体具有拮抗作用,对5HT1A受体有激动作用。研究认为其作用可能通过D2和5-HT2受体的拮抗作用发挥。

本研究结果表明,注射用甲磺酸齐拉西酮治疗精神发育迟滞伴发急性激越症状的临床疗效与氟哌啶醇注射液差异无统计学意义;BALDACARA等[13]研究发现,对精神科急诊室的急性激越患者肌内注射齐拉西酮能有效缓解患者激越症状,两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义,但氟哌啶醇注射液EPS发生率明显高于注射用甲磺酸齐拉西酮。MICELI等[14]研究发现,高剂量齐拉西酮与氟哌啶醇治疗精神分裂症,患者QT间期均<480 ms,而氟哌啶醇组EPS发生率为33.3%,齐拉西酮组为6.5%。本实验结果与文献[15]研究结果相符。急性精神病患者容易出现急性激越行为,给患者和他人带来危害,在这种紧急情况下的精神病,肌内注射抗精神病药可以更容易、更快吸收,更快起效。所以注射用甲磺酸齐拉西酮能迅速、有效地控制精神发育迟滞伴发的急性激越症状,疗效与氟哌啶醇注射液相当,不良反应较少,EPS明显少于后者。因其是非典型抗精神病药物中唯一的注射剂,故对急性激越症状具有较高的临床应用价值。

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[6] 胡光涛,李志宏,王国威,等.注射用甲磺酸齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症急性激越症状疗效观察[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2014,33(1):57-60.

[7] 熊伟,阳中明.齐拉西酮注射液治疗精神分裂症急性期对照研究的Meta分析[J].中国实用医药,2013,16(8):31-32.

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DOI 10.3870/yydb.2015.07.015

Forty Cases of Therapy for Mental Retardation Associated with Agitation by ZiprasidoneMesylate

PING Junhui1, PAN Fei1, ZHONG Zhaoxi1, WANG Lina1, ZHANG Jingdan1, CAO Yonghe2

(1.TheSecondDepartmentofEarthIntervertion,theSecondAffiliatedHospitalofXinxiangMedicalCollege,Xinxiang453002,China;2.ClinicalCollege,HubeiUniversityofTraditionalChineseMedicine,Wuhan430065,China)

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ziprasidone mesylate injection on the acute agitation symptom in mental retardation. Methods The total of 80 patients of mental retardation with acute agitation symptoms were randomly divided into two groups:the treatment group (40 patients) were intra-muscarly given with ziprasidone mesylate injection at the initial dose of 10 mg, 20 mg 4 h later, and 30 mg once on the second day and third day.And the control group (40 patients) were treated with haloperidol injection.The volume dose of haloperidol was 20 mg everyday.Other antipsychotic drugs, antimanic drugs and benzodiazepines were not allowed to be used during the observation, neither does the prophylactic use of drugs against parkinson's disease.Before and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 h after treatment, the positive and negative scale (PANSS) reduction rate, the end of the clinical global impression scale (CGI) were assessed.By the end of the treatment, the adverse reactions symptom, cale (TESS) was assessed for the safety. Results By the end of treatment PANSS reduction rate was 46.31% in the test group and 48.81% in the control group, the clinical improvement rate was 80.00% in the treatment group and 82.50% in the control group.No statistically significant difference on efficacy was found between two groups.The side reaction rate in the treatment group was 27.5%, that in the control group was 40.0%, there was significant difference (P<0.05) between two groups, but the extrapyramidal reaction in the control group was significantly more than that in the treatment group(P<0.05). Conclusion Ziprasidone mesylate injection is effective on treating the symptoms of mental retardation, in corresponding to the effect of haloperidol injection,and with less extrapyramidal reactions.

Ziprasidone, mesylate;Haloperidol;Mental retardation;Agitation symptoms, acute

2014-11-14

2014-12-20

平军辉(1971-),男,河南新乡人,主治医师,硕士,研究方向:精神病学与精神卫生。E-mail:doctorpjh@163.com。

R971.4;R749

B

1004-0781(2015)07-0-899-04

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