□ 文/本刊记者 唐纲

渝新欧：为新丝路建设注入“原动力”

□ 文/本刊记者 唐纲

有人说新丝绸之路经济带“大势未成”。主要理由是“产业不对等”：中国尤其是中国西部对于中亚国家之间的产业互补并不对等，大家难以“互动”起来。现在，随着渝新欧和渝新俄班列的常态化运行，新丝路上的物流“血脉”流动了起来。这不仅丰富了新丝绸之路经济带的内涵，而且为新丝绸之路经济带建设注入了“原动力”。

9月2日，随着一声汽笛长鸣，由重庆开往俄罗斯的固定公共班列（渝新俄班列）正式开通。这是继“渝新欧”国际铁路联运大通道开行以来，首次以班列的形式直达俄罗斯，开创了中国内陆以集装箱班列模式发往俄罗斯的先例。此后，重庆到俄罗斯公共班列将每周二固定常态化开行，并随着货流量增加，将适时增大固定公共班列的开行频次。

8月29日，“渝新欧”首趟原装汽车整车进口班列顺利抵达重庆铁路口岸——沙坪坝区团结村。此次运载进口汽车的班列在沿途各个国家通关非常顺利，只用了15天就从德国开到了重庆。今年7月1日，国务院批准在重庆铁路口岸设立汽车整车进口口岸。8月14日，“渝新欧”首趟试运行整车回程班列从德国杜伊斯堡正式发出，共搭载20辆奔驰、20辆宝马、40辆大众，共计80辆进口汽车，货值约合人民币1978万元。这是渝新欧开行三年来人们最为关注的一次行程，因为这将彻底解决其回程货源的问题。

以往，从欧洲运往重庆的货物基本都是通过海运或航空运输，路途遥远，耗时长。现在，有了渝新欧、“渝新俄”班列的开行，对内将吸引集聚西南、长三角、珠三角、香港等地区的货物，对将重庆打造为内陆开放高地，具有积极意义；对外将更加丰富渝新欧的内涵，不断为新丝绸之路经济带建设注入原动力，使中国长江中上游地区和俄罗斯伏尔加河沿岸联邦区紧密的联系到一起，为中俄两河流域的携手合作奠定了坚实基础。

成为新丝绸之路经济带的重要载体

新丝绸之路经济带建设是中国的国家战略。但要让其繁荣起来，就必须加强“带”上的经贸往来，畅通物流。渝新欧、渝新俄正是新丝路上的有力支撑。

9月1日，重庆市委书记孙政才在调研重庆铁路口岸建设和运行情况时强调，要规划好、建设好重庆铁路口岸，推动重庆深度融入丝绸之路经济带战略。

渝新俄（重庆至俄罗斯莫斯科）班线

当日，市长黄奇帆在欢迎欧洲品牌汽车中国总代及经销商们时说，要充分利用“渝新欧”和整车进口口岸的平台功能，结合重庆正在大力推进的跨境电子商务、保税贸易商品展示交易等现代服务贸易，研究谋划顺应发展形势的营销战略，将重庆打造成为欧洲进口汽车的重要集散地。

据称，为更好地服务于新丝路经济带的建设，渝新欧班列将逐步缩短全程运行时间，降低费用，并实现“1+N”的运行分拨模式，更好地为经济带上的众多“节点”服务。

“渝新欧全程运行时间现在实际上已由以前的16天开始进入14天状态，三年后估计可缩短为12天。”9月1日，市长黄奇帆在重庆市与欧洲品牌汽车中国总代及经销商座谈会上说，三年来渝新欧运行十分稳定，而且运行时间和运行价格不断降低，“渝新欧正成为丝绸之路经济带的重要载体”。

会上，宝马（中国）汽车贸易有限公司、大众汽车（中国）销售有限公司、北京梅赛德斯-奔驰销售服务有限公司、沃尔沃汽车销售（上海）有限公司、中信信通物流公司、国机汽车股份公司、捷富凯国际物流（中国）公司、宜家（中国）投资公司、标致雪铁龙集团亚洲运营部的有关负责人，围绕如何利用“渝新欧”和整车进口口岸、加强与重庆合作提出意见和建议。他们非常关注渝新欧班列的稳定运行、运行价格以及关检等。

对此，黄奇帆在座谈会上详细介绍了渝新欧国际铁路的来龙去脉，介绍了渝新欧的关检、运行费用、运行时间等。黄奇帆说，渝新欧班列虽然经过了6个国家，但沿线各国海关“关检互认、信息共享、执法互助”，就是全程“一卡通”，只要一处关检全程都认可，这样非常方便。同时，全程开通了定点、定线、定车次、定时、定价的“五定”班列。过去三年全程运行时间基本都在16天,现在已开始进入到14天时间。“今后随着兰渝铁路建成，哈沙克斯坦一条铁路变直，以及铁路提速和线路优化等,时间还将进一步缩短，估计三年后就将缩短为12天。”

同时，2011年每个集装箱1公里的价格为1美元，2012年为0.8美元，去年是0.7美元，现在大概去程0.6美元，回程0.55美元。“今后还有降低的空间，或许能达到0.5美元。”黄奇帆说。

实现“1+N”的运行分拨模式

为加强与沿线国家铁路及相关部门的合作，目前渝新欧已实现“1+N”的运行分拨模式——“1”即以重庆到德国杜伊斯堡为主线，“N”则可根据客户需要选择沿线国家作为集结点和分拨点。

“渝新欧”目前已开通的集结点和分拨点有：德国杜伊斯堡、法兰克福、科隆，比利时安特卫普，俄罗斯莫斯科、切尔克斯克，波兰马拉舍维奇，白俄罗斯布列斯特，哈萨克斯坦的阿拉木图和库斯塔奈，以及荷兰鹿特丹、波兰库特娜、俄罗斯的雅罗斯拉夫尔、捷克的帕尔杜比采等。下一步还拟开通法国的巴黎、德国的斯图加特、慕尼黑，意大利的米兰等作为“渝新欧”的集结点和分拨点。

根据市政府的总体部署，市政府物流办已于今年5月23日、26日和27日，分别在德国、比利时和荷兰成立了市政府物流办欧洲联络处和办事处，下一步将按照政府引导、市场运作的原则，充分调动和发挥国际货代集货作用，重点围绕“附加值高”、“运输时效强”两个关键点，重点组织欧洲的高档日用品、整车及零配件、高档建材、高端装备等货源，为“渝新欧”回程班列的常态开行奠定基础。

重庆迎来大开放好时机

重庆作为内陆唯一的直辖市、国家中心城市之一，近年来按照中央要求大力推进内陆开放高地建设，目前形成了具有标志性意义的”三个三合一”的开放特征，即：果园港、团结村铁路中心站、江北国际机场三个国家级交通枢纽，同时它们也都是国家一类口岸，旁边还配套建成了三个保税区。受益于此，近年来重庆的开放度大幅提升，进出口贸易额5年增长10倍，今年预计接近1000亿美元，利用外资连续3年保持在100亿美元以上。

黄奇帆说，中国开放目前最大的瓶颈在内陆，而未来最大的潜力也在内陆。在我国扩大内陆开放的进程中，重庆作为长江经济带和丝绸之路经济带的战略交汇点，不断推进内陆开放高地建设，必将有力推进整个西部大开发。

今年7月，重庆成功获批设立整车进口口岸，这是继重庆铁路口岸成为一类口岸后，国务院批准重庆设立的又一重大开放功能平台，这使得团结村铁路中心站成为功能完备的枢纽站，既是交通枢纽，又是一类口岸和汽车整车进口口岸。以团结村铁路中心站为起点的渝新欧班列，必将更好地发挥连接中欧、辐射内陆的口岸作用。“渝新欧”作为内陆对外开放的大通道，必将产生巨大集聚辐射作用，有力推动中欧贸易、内陆开放和“两带一路”战略的实施。

据称，重庆正在结合大力推进的跨境电子商务、保税贸易商品展示交易等现代服务贸易，将重庆打造成为欧洲进口汽车的重要集散地。

Some believed that the New Silk Road Economic Belt has not taken shape due to imbalanced industries: China (West China in particular) and Central Asian countries can hardly interact and achieve industrial complementarity. Now, as the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe and Chongqing-Xinjiang-Russia trains are normalized, the blood now the New Silk Road starts circulating, which not only enriches the dimensions of the New Silk Road Economic Belt, but also injects the dynamism to its construction.

On September 2, with a long whistle, the regular public block train departed from Chongqing to Russia (Chongqing-Xinjiang-Russia Trains). Since the opening of the International Joint Railway Transportation Channel of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe, the block train reaches Russia from China mainland for the first time. After that, the public block train from Chongqing to Russia will run regularly every Tuesday and perhaps more frequently in the future as the cargo volume adds up.

On August 29, the fi rst “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” original car import block train arrived at Chongqing Railway Port in Tuanjie Village, Shapingba District. This train had a very smooth journey of customs declaration in countries along the line and only took 15 days from Germany to Chongqing. On July 1, the State Council approved the establishment of car import port in Chongqing Railway Port. On August 14, the fi rst pilot “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe “car backhaul block train departed from Duisburg, Germany, carrying 20 Mercedes Benz, 20 BMW and 40 Volkswagen cars, amounting to 80 cars and RMB 19.78 million. This is the most concerned trip after three years’operation of the train, as it can thoroughly solve the problem of backhaul cargo.

In the past, cargo from Europe to Chongqing was transported mostly by ocean or air with a long distance and duration. Now, with “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” and “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Russia”lines, domestically, cargo from Southwest China, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong will be attracted to Chongqing and help building the city as a high land of opening-up; externally, more dimensions will be enriched to the“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train with more dynamism to the construction of New Silk Road Economic Belt, which also tightens the relationship with middle and upper regions of Yangtze River in China and the federal districts along Volga River in Russia as well as lays a solid foundation for partnerships between the two river reaches in China and Russia.

Becoming a Major Carrier of New Silk Road Economic Belt

Construction of New Silk Economic Belt is a national strategy of China. But flourished trade and logistics must be added on the “Belt” in order to bring prosperity. “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”and “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Russia”lines are powerful bolsters on this new blueprint.

On September 1, Sun Zhengcai, secretary of Chongqing Municipal Party Committee emphasized during a survey to Chongqing’s railway port construction and operation that the railway ports must be forti fi ed to integrate the city deeper in the New Silk Road Economic Belt.

During the same day, Mayor Huang Qifan welcomed the general agents and dealers of European car brands and said that the platform functions of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” Railway and car import ports shall be fully utilized to plan marketing strategies adapting to the development trends and build Chongqing into a major distribution center for imported European cars in combination with intensified modern service trade of trans-boundary E-commerce and bonded commodity exhibition trade.

It is said that to better serve the New Silk Road Economic Belt, the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train will gradually have a shorter journey and a lower cost in a distribution fashion of “1+N”to address to multiple “nodes” on the Economic Belt.

“In fact, the whole journey of the train has been shorted from the previous 16 days to 14 days, after three years, it might be reduced to 12 days.” On September 1, Mayor Huang Qifan said during the meeting between European car brands and Chinese general agents and dealer that in three years, the train has beenrunning quite steadily, and the time and cost are constantly lowered. “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train is becoming a major carrier of New Silk Road Economic Belt.

During the meeting, delegates from BMW (China) Car Trade Co., Ltd, Volkswagen (China) Sales Co., Ltd, Beijing Mercedes Benz Sales and Service Co, Ltd, Volvo Car Sales (Shanghai) Co., Ld, Citic Xintong Logistics Company, Sinomach Automobile Shareholding Company, Gefco International Logistics (China) Company, Ikea (China) Investment Company, Peugeot Citroen Group Asian Branch raised comments and suggestions on utilization of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train and car import ports as well as forti fi cation of partnership with Chongqing, showing much attention on the steady operation, the rate and customs inspection of the train.

Mayor Huang elaborated the history of the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”Railway as well as its customs inspection, operational cost and time. He said that though passing six countries, the train experiences “mutual acknowledgement of customs inspection, sharing information and mutual law enforcement” in countries along the line. Such “one card pass” only requires one clearance for the whole journey, which is extremely convenient. Meanwhile, the block train of fi xed point, fi xed route, fi xed number, fi xed time and fixed price has been put through for the whole process. In the past three years, the running time was around 16 days, and now it has been shorten to 14 days. “In the future, with the completed Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway, a straightened Kazakhstan railway and more railway speed acceleration and route optimization, the time will be further shortened. After three years, it will only take 12 days.

Meanwhile, in 2011, the price for every container travelling one kilometer was USD 1, it was USD 0.8 in 2012 and USD 0.7 last year, now it costs USD 0.6 for going to Europe and USD 0.55 for coming back. “In the future there is further space for lowering, it may reach USD 0.5,“said Huang.

The “1+N” Distribution Mode Achieved

To strengthen cooperation with railway and other departments of countries along the line, now the“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” train has achieved the operation distribution mode of “1+N”. ”1” is the main line from Chongqing to Duisburg, while “N”means to choose countries along the line as marshalling and distribution points according to customer requirements.

Now the opened marshalling and distribution points are: Duisburg, Frankfurt, Cologne in Germany, Antwerp in Belgium, Moscow and Cherkessk in Russia, Malaszewicze in Poland, Brest in Belarus, Alma-Ata and Kostanay in Kazakhstan, Rotterdam in Netherlands, Kutno in Poland, Yaroslavl in Russia and Pardubitz in Czech. Next, Paris in France, Stuttgart and Munich in Germany and Milan in Italy will be entailed in this plan too.

According to overall deployment of the municipal government, the Municipal Logistics Of fi ce has set up an European Liaison Office and a branch office in Germany, Belgium and Netherland on May 23, May 26 and May 27 respectively. Next, according to government guidance and market operation principles, we will fully mobilize and play the rallying role of international freight forwarders, focus on key points of “high added-value” and“strong time ef fi cacy”, highlight the cargo sources of premium daily consumption goods, cars and parts, premium construction materials and high-end equipment in Europe and prepare for the regular running of backhaul block trains.

Chongqing Embraces a Golden Era of Great Opening-up

As the only municipality directly under Central Government in the hinterland and one of the hub cities in the country, Chongqing has followed the central requirement to build itself into a highland of opening-up and formed the landmark features of “Three 3-in-1s”, namely three national transportation hubs of Orchard Port, Tuanjie Village Railway Station and Jiangbei International Airport, which are also Class-I ports, as well as three bonded zones. As a result, Chongqing’s openness has been greatly ramped up: import and export volume increases by 10 times in five years and approximates USD 100 billion this year, and foreign capital actualization has remained over USD 10 billion for three years in a row.

Huang said that the largest bottleneck of China’s opening-up resides in the inland areas, so does the largest future potential. During the process of expanded inland opening-up, Chongqing, as the strategic juncture of Yangtze Economic Belt and New Silk Road Economic Belt, constantly pushes forward the construction of an inland highland of opening-up, which de fi nitely will boost the overall Western Development.

This July, Chongqing was approved to set up a car import port, which is another major functional platform of opening-up approved by State Council after Chongqing Railway Port became a Class-I port. The Tuanjie Village Railway Station, therefore, becomes a fully functional hub station and a Class-I port and car import port. The Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe train starting from the Tuanjie Village will better connect Central Asia and the inland areas. As a great channel of inland opening-up, the train will exert a huge radiating effect to drive China-Europe trade, inland opening-up and the strategy implementation of two Economic Belts and the New Silk Road.

It is claimed that Chongqing is combining modern service trade of transboundary E-commerce and bonded commodity exhibition and transaction to forge itself into a major distribution center of imported European cars.

Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway: Injecting Dynamism to New Silk Road Construction

□ Written by reporter Tang Gang