高考词汇

attack v. 袭击；攻击

exist v. 存在

dive v. 潜水

cover v. 占地（多大面积）

disappear v. 不见；消失

indicate v. 象征；特性

creature n. 动物；生物

claw n. 爪

nail n. （手、脚的）指甲；爪

seal n. 海豹

surface n. 表面；水面

emperor n. 皇帝

border n. 边境；国界

identity n. 身份；特性

fortune n. 运气；命运；财富

hairy adj. 毛的；多毛的

frightening adj. 吓人的

grey adj. 灰色的

sharp adj. 锋利的；尖的

clam adj. 平静是

unlikely adj. 不可能的

fierce adj. 凶猛的；残暴的

generous adj. 有雅量的；大方的；心地高尚的

unpredictable adj. 变化莫测的

positive adj. 正面的

常用短语

get a clear look at sth 看清楚某物

die out 灭绝

dive into 潜入；跳入

throw light on 帮助弄清楚；阐明某事

come straight to the point 谈正题；开门见山

due to 由于；因……造成

go for 挑选，选择；批评；适用于；取回；努力争取

grow out of 产生于

be related to 与……相关的

表外词汇

claim vt. 声称

adapt vi. 适应；适合

evolve vi. 进化；演变

journal n. 杂志；学报；期刊

horn n. （动物头上的）角

robe n. 长袍

myth n. 神话；神话故事

mysterious adj. 神秘的

skeptical adj. 怀疑的；不相信的

extinct adj. 绝种的；消亡了的

过渡词汇

detail v. & n. 详细列举；详细说明；详情；全部细节；

细部；局部

loch n. 湖

dinosaur n. 恐龙

article n. 文章

Nessie n. 尼斯湖水怪

submarine n. 潜水艇

mammal n. 哺乳动物

meteorite n. 流星

galaxy n. 银河

crater n. 火山口

dragon n. 龙

Wales n. 威尔士

alligator n. 短吻鳄

square n. & adj. 正方形；（方形的）广场；平方；

正方形的；成直角的；（用于数字

后表示面积）平方

consonant n. & adj. 辅音；辅音字母；与……一致

的，和谐的

情态动词may have/might have done表推测的用法

词汇短语园地

1. attack vt. 袭击；攻击；（用语言或文字）猛烈抨

击，非难；侵袭；侵蚀；进攻

They attacked this village during the night.

他们在夜间袭击了这个村庄。

My friend was attacked by a young man while walking home alone.

我的朋友独自回家时遭到了一个年轻人的攻击。

She has been attacked for ignoring her son.

她因漠视自己的儿子而受到责难。

Scientists find a new disease that will attack mans brain.

科学家发现了一种会侵袭人类大脑的新的疾病。

Spain attacked more in the second half.

西班牙队在下半场加强了攻势。

attack n. 袭击；攻击；辱骂；抨击；（疾病的）突然发作

The planes began their attack on the city.

飞机开始攻击这个城市。

The city came under attack during the night.

这座城市在夜间遭到了袭击。

He is recovering from an attack of flu.

他的流行性感冒快好了。

attacker n. 进攻者；袭击者

I didnt really see the attacker.

我没有看清楚袭击我的人。

2. frightening adj. 吓人的；引起恐惧的

Its frightening to think that this kind of thing will happen again.

想到这类事情可能再发生就让人不寒而栗。

frighten v. 使惊吓；使恐吓

frightened adj. 惊吓的；受惊的

注意：frightening和frightened的区别

frightening表示某物使人产生害怕的情绪，主语是物；frightened表示某人处于害怕的状态，主语是人。

The idea of death is frightening to most people.

死的想法对于大多数人来说都是可怕的。

He was frightened to look down from the top of the tall building.

他害怕从高楼顶部往下看。

3. exist vi. 存在

Does life exist in other planet？

其他行星上有生命吗？

exist on 靠……生活/生存

It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.

他们要靠这一点收入生活是不可能的。

existence n. 存在；实有

came into existence 存在

existent n. & adj. 存在（或实有）的事物；存在的；实有的

existing adj. 现存的；现行的

4. calm adj. 平静的

Although she was shocked by this news， her voice was surprisingly calm.

虽然这个消息让她很震惊，但她的声音却出人意料的平静。

You must try to be calm.

你必须设法冷静下来。

calm v. 使平静；使镇静

They did what they could to calm her.

他们尽力使她平静下来。

calm down （使）平静；镇静；安静

He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.

他深深吸了几口气，让自己冷静下来。

calmness n. 平静；冷静；镇静

It would be wise to deal with these problems with calmness.

冷静地处理这些问题才是明智的。

calm n. 平静的时期；宁静的状态

I like the calm of the summer evening.

我喜欢夏日夜晚的宁静。

the calm before the storm 暴风雨前的平静

calmly adv. 平静地；冷静地；镇静地

She recovered from her surprise， and answered calmly.

她从惊慌中恢复过来，并且镇静地给予了回答。

5. cover vt. 占地（多大面积）；足以支付；包括；

覆盖，遮盖

The city covered ten square miles.

这座城市占地五平方英里。

The discussion covered a wide range of subjects.

这个讨论涵盖了广泛的内容。

Dust covered all the furniture.

所有的家具都覆盖上了灰尘。

cover n. 封面；盖子，套子；遮盖物，隐蔽处

read form cover to cover 从头看到底

take cover 藏身；躲藏

under cover 保密；秘密地

6. disappear vi. 不见；消失

When spring comes， the snow disappears.

春天来临时，积雪全都不见了。

Lets hope that our difficulties will soon disappear.

希望我们的苦难很快就会消失。

disappearance n. 消失；失踪；不见

We were puzzled by the sudden disappearance of the guide.

对于导游的突然消失，我们感到很疑惑。

7. fortune n. 运气；命运；财富；大笔的钱，巨款

Fortune smiled on me.

我交了好运。

You dont have to spend a fortune to give your family tasty and healthy meals.

让家里人吃味道好又健康的餐食并不需要花多少钱。

fortunate adj. 幸运的

fortunately adv. 幸好/幸运地

8. die out 灭绝；不复存在；熄灭

Tribes and tribal customs died out centuries ago.

部落和部落文化在几个世纪前就消亡了。

The fire died out.

火熄灭了。

注意：die out/die for/die off/die away/die down的区别

die out意为“灭绝，不复存在”；die for意为“迫切想要某物或做某事”；die off意为“一个接一个死去；相继死去”；die away意为“逐渐减弱；逐渐消失”；die down意为“逐渐变弱；逐渐平息”。

The practice of children working in factories has nearly dies out.

工厂中使用童工的做法几乎绝迹。

He is dying for the book.

他很想要这本书。

As she got older and older， her relatives all died off.

随着她越来越老，她的亲属都相继去世了。

The sound of the music died away.

音乐声渐渐消失了。

When the applause had died down， she began her speech.

掌声平息后她便开始演讲了。

9. due to 由于；因……造成；归功于

Her absence was due to heavy traffic.

由于交通堵塞她缺席了。

This situation was in part due to financial difficulties.

这种情况部分是由经济困难造成的。

due to sb 应支付/应给与/归功于某人

due （for） sth 应有/应得到某物

due to do sth 预定/预期/预计做某事

10. go for 挑选，选择；试图得到，努力争取；批评；

喜欢，被……吸引；适用于

When you offer him apples he always goes for the biggest one.

你给他苹果时，他总是挑选最大的。

I hear that you are going to go for that job.

我听说你准备去争取那份工作。

My mother went for me when she knew that I told a lie.

我妈妈在得知我说谎后狠狠地骂了我一顿。

Do you go for Chinese food？

你喜欢中国食物吗？

What I said about Peter goes for you， too.

我说的有关彼得的话也适用于你。

go about 着手；从事

go after 追逐；追求

go against 违背；反对

go along 继续；进行

go along with 赞成；支持

go around 传播

go on 发生；进行；继续

go through 遭受；经历；仔细检查；审查；（法律等）被通过

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

One large dinosaur hid in the thick jungle （热带雨林）. With small， hungry eyes he watched a larger dinosaur， about 90 feet long！ It was eating grass by a lake.

The one in the jungle stood 20 feet tall on his powerful back legs. His two front legs were short， with sharp claws on the feet. His teeth were like long knives.

There was only one hope for the grass-eating dinosaur. Even though he was three times as large as his enemy， he was not a fighter. He could only try to get away， into deep water， where he could be safe.

The grass-eater tried to move fast. But the enemy was faster. His three-toed footprints show that he came closer and closer.

We cant be sure how the fight ended. We can only tell by the animals footprints that the fight did take place. The mud where the two dinosaurs walked has turned into stone.

Footprints are not all that tell us about dinosaurs. Their bones and teeth have also been found. We even have some of their eggs in museums.

Scientists know how to fit a dinosaurs bones together. Then they can tell how the animal may have looked. From its teeth they know whether it ate meat or grass.

Dinosaurs were of many sizes and shapes. Some were as small as chickens. But all of them had very small brains.

Millions of years ago， the dinosaurs ruled the earth. Since then， there have been no dinosaurs. What happened to them？

We know they did not all die at once. It may have taken a few million years for all of them to die.

In the days of the dinosaurs， the whole earth was warm and wet. There were many green jungles. But the earth changes slowly. When parts of the earth became cold and dry， the jungles were becoming less and less. Then dinosaurs could not find enough to eat. This must be one reason why the dinosaurs died out.

1. According to the passage， the grass-eating dinosaurs ___ .

A. had three-toed feet

B. were much smaller than the meat-eaters

C. were three times as large as the meat-eaters

D. had two short front legs， with sharp claws on the feet

2. Which of the following is true about dinosaurs？

A. Dinosaurs had very big brains.

B. All the dinosaurs were meat-eaters.

C. Dinosaurs were the same size and various kinds.

D. Some dinosaurs tore their enemy with long knife-like teeth.

3. The appearance of dinosaurs would be repaired if ___ .

A. scientists research their teeth

B. a full-size picture was kept in our mind

C. their bones were well fitted together by scientific method

D. their footprints were entirely taken from the stone for research

4. One reason why the dinosaurs all died out may be ___ .

A. the reduction of jungles

B. the fights among the dinosaurs

C. the occurence of some diseases

D. the appearance of the global warming

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

calm hair frighten sharp nail

claim attack exist creature monster

1. These ____ spend their lives below the ground.

2. He ____ he had not been at the scene of the crime.

3. A lion will ____ people only when it is hungry.

4. The young man made a movement of impatience， but Quilp went on talking ____ .

5. Few animals can ____ in the freezing waters of Arctic.

6. A mountain range shown by this method can look like a（n） ____ caterpillar（毛虫）.

7. The sound of the river moving about downstream was ____ .

8. The ____ parts of a comb or a saw are called teeth.

句子翻译

1. 首领死后这些士兵不知该何时发起进攻。

2. 能够目击白鲨被认为是很幸运的，因为这种动物已经非常稀少了。

3. 男孩潜入水中去了解那儿究竟发生了什么。

4. 我祖父留给我的房子占地约400平方米。

单项选择

1. — Sorry， I have kept you waiting.

— ___ .

A. Thats all right B. I dont care

C. You are welcome D. No， not at all

2. — Did you get a clear look at the monster？

— No， but it seemed to be red ___ .

A. in colour B. in the colour

C. with colour D. with the colour

3. He was rather ___ that she should drive the car at such a ___ speed.

A. frightening； frightening B. frightened； frightened

C. frightening； frightened D. frightened； frightening

4. If you dont take away your things from the desk， there wont be enough ___ for my books.

A. area B. place

C. room D. surface

5. — Will Yao Ming take part in the Spring Festival Party？

— Sorry， he ___ appear there.

A. is likely to B. is possible to

C. is unlikely to D. is impossible to

6. The suspect claimed ___ TV with his family when the house caught fire.

A. watching B. to have watched

C. to be watching D. having watched

7. Most animals that could be seen often before are ___ in the world.

A. dying away B. dying down

C. dying for D. dying out

8. He claimed ___ in the supermarket when he was shopping yesterday.

A. being badly treated B. treating badly

C. to have been badly treated D. to treat badly

9. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ___ get out.

A. had to B. would

C. could D. was able to

10. — Were you all frightened at the sound of the fire alarm？

— No. Everyone stayed ___ and called the fire department.

A. calm B. peaceful

C. quiet D. silent

跟踪导练（二）

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

surface sighting mysterious cover monster

dive unlikely footprint sharp disappear

1. The program reports a（n） ____ of the UFO.

2. It is known to all of us that the dinosaurs ____ long ago.

3. The sportsman ____ into the water with his head first.

4. This forest ____ an area of some 1140 square kilometers.

5. It is most ____ that shell arrive before seven. The traffic is heavy now.

6. There were ____ lights at night in the empty house.

7. He smiled， but there was some other emotion just below the ____ .

8. A（n） ____ with three bodies was killed by Hercules.

句子翻译

1. 这雨要下一整夜，不到明天早上不可能停。

2. 你在商店里买的那把刀子很锋利，你使用时必须很小心。

3. 这位教授过去一直在试着找出到底是什么导致了恐龙的灭绝。

4. 我想我刚刚听到的声响可能是由门外的某个人发出的。

单项选择

1. — Hey， you havent been acting like yourself. Everything is OK？

— ___ .

A. Im fine， thanks B. Sure， I am

C. Thats good D. Its OK

2. — Do you have enough to ___ all your expenses？

— Oh yes， enough and to spare.

A. spend B. offer

C. cover D. cost

3. They had waited ___ the dog ___ out of the room.

A. for； coming B. for； to come

C. at； to come D. at； coming

4. — Are you coming to Jeffs party？

— Im not sure. I ___ go to the concert instead.

A. must B. would

C. should D. might

5. When you go to a foreign country， you must ___ yourself to new manners and customs.

A. adapt B. change

C. adopt D. afford

6. The submarine ___ just in time to avoid the enemy attack.

A. fell B. dropped

C. dived D. appeared

7. The company， which ___ in oil for many years， will set up a branch abroad next month.

A. has been trading B. is trading

C. will trade D. traded

8. Lost things can be ___ between 10am and 5pm.

A. demanded B. required

C. claimed D. reported

9. There is a newly published survey ___ that most retired people are independent and enjoying life.

A. indicating B. indicated

C. indicates D. to indicate

10. The article attacked the government ___ its policy ___ education.

A. on； for B. on； on

C. for； on D. for； for

完形填空

Mary and Peter were having a picnic with some friends near a river when Mary 1 an object overhead. “Look！” she shouted to her friends， “Thats a spaceship up there and its going to 2 here.”

3 by the strange silver-coloured spaceship， most of the young people got in their cars and 4 away quickly. However， Mary and Peter， more 5 than frightened， watched the spaceship land and saw a door open. When nobody 6 ， they went to the spaceship and entered inside. Peter 7 Mary into the spaceship and didnt hear the door being closed behind him. The temperature fell rapidly and the two young people 8 consciousness.

When they 9 up， they were surprised to see that they were back by the 10 again. The spaceship had gone. Their car was nearby. “What happened？” asked Mary.

Peter scratched （搔） his head saying 11 ， “Dont ask me. Perhaps we had a（n） 12 . Did you...Did you see a spaceship？” “Yes，” said Mary， “and we both went into it. Then...” She looked at her wrist. Thats funny， my watch has 13 . “Oh， well， come on. Its time to go home.”

14 about fifty meters， they found their way 15 by a thick wall made of something like glass. They got out of the car and tried to find their way around the wall but 16 that they were inside a circular （环形） wall. It was like a mirror and prevented them from 17 through it.

On the other side of the wall， strange 18 walked past slowly. A few stopped to stare through the wall and 19 a new notice which， translated into English， said， “New 20 at the zoo： a pair of earthlings in their natural surroundings.”

1. A. stared B. touched C. noticed D. caught

2. A. land B. leave C. attack D. fly

3. A. Surprised B. Frightened C. Delighted D. Threatened

4. A. turned B. took C. kept D. drove

5. A. brave B. aggressive C. curious D. disappointed

6. A. broke in B. got back C. came out D. went through

7. A. followed B. took C. carried D. sent

8. A. lost B. raised C. fell D. got

9. A. got B. stood C. came D. woke

10. A. river B. home C. spaceship D. street

11. A. slowly B. angrily C. clearly D. briefly

12. A. accident B. dream C. trouble D. sleep

13. A. worked B. broken C. stopped D. disappeared

14. A. Walking B. Escaping C. Running D. Driving

15. A. blocked B. surrounded C. covered D. connected

16. A. remembered B. discovered C. understood D. heard

17. A. going B. putting C. looking D. carrying

18. A. animals B. people C. creatures D. scientists

19. A. read B. write C. watch D. find

20. A. groups B. arrivals C. explorers D. victims

跟踪导练（三）

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

sceptical volcano adapt unlikely claw

extinct generous emperor evolve border

1. From the result we can know that the children have ____ to the changes quickly.

2. From their work， we have learned how our planet ____ .

3. His illness is so serious that he is ____ to live.

4. The giant panda is in danger of becoming ____ .

5. Although he is poor， he is quite ____ to his friends.

6. I am rather____about their chance of winning.

7. A very large ocean wave was caused by an underwater earth-quake or____eruption.

8. You must show your passport at the____.

句子翻译

1. 它常发怒并会攻击任何靠近它的人。

2. 在那个周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。

3. 你仍然不明白你所做的可能对别人有害。

4. 刚从屋里出来的小女孩被可怕的声音吓坏了。

单项选择

1. — Mary， it is careless of you to have left your key in the lock

hole of your car？

— ___ So I did. I might have my car stolen.

A. Thank you. B. I am sorry.

C. My God！ D. It doesnt matter.

2. Sorry， Im late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

A. should B. could

C. might D. would

3. — I cant find my key anywhere.

— You ___ have lost it while running.

A. can B. should

C. would D. may

4. All of us still remember the terrible earthquake that ___ Wenchuan three years ago.

A. attacked B. knocked

C. struck D. exploded

5. The performance ___ nearly three hours， but few people left the theatre early.

A. covered B. reached

C. played D. lasted

6. — Did you look up the time of trains for Beijing？

— Yes， the earliest train is ___ to leave at 8 pm.

A. due B. possible

C. likely D. ready

7. The findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night， no matter what we ___ during the day.

A. must have done B. may have done

C. need have done D. should have done

8. — Where is my dictionary？ I remember I put it here yesterday.

— You ___ it in the wrong place.

A. might have put B. shall have put

C. might put D. must put

9. You ___ walk for miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.

A. must B. need

C. may D. should

10. Dogs have a ___ sense of smell and are often used to search for something by the police.

A. fierce B. positive

C. brilliant D. sharp

阅读表达（阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。）

Confidence： youve either got it or you havent， right？ Wrong. Most people learn confidence as they go through life.

Even if you are shaking like a leaf on the inside， youll make a lasting impression if you can come across as confident. Here are some confidence-building tips.

Fake （假装） it. If you can pretend that you feel confident when you dont and keep on doing so， your fake confidence will soon turn into real confidence. It only takes a few repetitions of an activity for it to become a habit—so get into the habit of pretending to be confident.

Think it. For an immediate encouragement to your self-esteem （自尊心）， recall three things that give you positive emotions. It could be a great compliment somebody paid you， a special time when you felt happy and popular， or when you really excelled （胜过别人） at something. Bringing them to mind will help you to feel good immediately—and when you feel good， you have greater confidence.

Focus it. Difficult situations， such as interviews or new jobs， can make you feel shy. If youre feeling anxious about yourself， stop thinking about yourself and focus on something else. It could be that you focus on something normal， like the view out of the window， or that you pay more attention to the task at hand—getting the job！ Either way， youll feel less awkward （尴尬的）.

Talk it. If you keep telling yourself that youre not good at something， youll start to believe it. Next time you blame yourself， ask yourself whether youd talk to your friends like that. So quit being negative and start recognizing and appreciating the things you are good at.

Walk it. Great posture can signal great confidence. Walk with a purposeful big step， walk with your back straight and with your head held up high！

1. How can you make your fake confidence turn into real confidence？ （within 10 words）

2. What should you do when you feel anxious about yourself？ （within 9 words）

3. What will you think yourself if you keep telling yourself that youre not good at something？ （within 9 words）

4. What may great posture show to people？ （within 7 words）

5. How many tips are talked about in the passage？ （1 word）

跟踪导练（四）

阅读理解

Although it has never been seen， almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn （独角兽）. Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times.

According to the legend， anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely careful as it has a reputation for being very fierce. A clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers， in order to catch a unicorn without being hurt by its horn， was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn rushed forward and attacked them. Hopefully， the creature could then be caught when its horn was stuck in the tree.

When used as a drinking-cup， the unicorns horn was said to have the power to offer protection against poison. It was believed that nobody could be harmed by drinking the thing that is contained in a unicorns horn. In 1789， the French court was said to have used cups made of unicorn horn in order to protect the king. In addition， the horn was said to have medicinal value （价值）， so that it could be sold for more than ten times the price of the same weight of gold. What， then， was unicorn horn？ We know at times the rhino （犀牛） was confused with this legendary creature. A drinking-cup supposedly made of unicorn horn was discovered to be made of the horn of a rhino.

1. To catch unicorns， the unicorn-trappers had to try to ___ .

A. fight with them in the woods

B. hide quickly behind the unicorns

C. shoot the unicorns with their guns

D. make use of the tree as a protection

2. Which of the following is TRUE of the unicorn？

A. Its just the same as a rhino.

B. It was not historically recorded.

C. Its horn was first used in France.

D. It was fierce and would attack people.

3. The last paragraph is mainly about ___ .

A. the users of the unicorn horn

B. the value of the unicorn horn

C. the colour of the unicorn horn

D. the comparison between the unicorn horn and the rhino horn

4. What can we know according to the passage？

A. Nobody has ever see the unicorn.

B. The unicorn is the rarest animal in the world.

C. The drinking-cup made of the unicorns horn is designed only for a royal family.

D. People will never die after drinking the thing that is contained in the unicorns horn.

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

destruction fierce robe fortune myth

predictable reputation identity indicate positive

1. He had lost his ____ card and was being questioned by the police.

2. A red sky at night ____ fine weather the following day.

3. The postman was bitten by a（n） ____ dog.

4. The ____ of the railway was a big loss to the country.

5. They are hoping for a（n） ____ result from the experiment.

6. You never know how shell react—shes so ____ .

7. She has the ____ of being kind to the poor.

8. He went to Japan and soon made a big ____ .

句子翻译

1. 在我看来，这个计划的失败是由于管理不善。

2. 最近的研究使人们了解了那些他们从未见过的生物。

3. 狮子是一种很凶猛的动物，有时它们可能会极度危险。

4. 所有出现在这里的画都不允许与宗教有关。

单项选择

1. — Im sorry. I was too busy to go camping with you.

— ___ . Well have more chances in future.

A. Dont mention it B. Not at all

C. Not to worry D. All right

2. Travelling by oneself can be fun and interesting. It may also be good for ___ building.

A. respect B. reputation

C. character D. intelligence

3. I read it from a book that Chinese people consider the Chinese dragon a sign of good ___ .

A. fortune B. identity

C. judgment D. religion

4. You should be careful in the forest especially when you are in red as some animals may ___ you because of this.

A. attack B. destroy

C. arrest D. attach

5. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ___ from South America on rafts.

A. must have sailed B. would have sailed

C. might have sailed D. should have sailed

6. They have a high level of unemployment—but the same ___ many other countries.

A. goes for B. goes with

C. goes in D. goes to

7. An Englishman who ___ not speak Italian was once travelling in Italy.

A. must B. could

C. may D. might

8. The feelings between them ___ as time went by.

A. died out B. died off

C. died back D. died away

9. Lots of people went to the West to ___ a fortune.

A. search B. find

C. get D. make

10. We spent ___ money on English dictionaries last month.

A. plenty of B. a number of

C. a good many D. dozens of