最近，习近平总书记做出关于“厉行勤俭节约、反对铺张浪费”的重要批示。 “铺张”，英语名词译为 extravagance，形容词译为 extravagant。例如：1. 党和政府高级官员应尽最大努力反对铺张、形式主义和官僚主义。The senior officials of the Party and the government should do their utmost to reject extravagance, formalism and bureaucracy.2. 我们必须加强对官员的铺张行为的监督和检查。We must intensify the supervision and inspections over officials' extravagant acts. “浪费”，英语动词译为 to waste，名词译为 waste。例如：3.听说我国每天浪费大量食物，令人震惊。It is shocking to know that a huge amount of food is wasted everyday in China.4. 党的最高领导人习近平最近呼吁反对铺张行为和浪费资源。The Party's top leader Xi Jinping has recently made an appeal to fight against extravagance and waste of resources. “节约”、“节省”和“节俭”，英语动词译为 to save, to economize on, to practice thrift；名词译为 thrift和frugality；形容词译为 saving, thrifty 和 frugal。例如：5. 他非常耐心地告诉我如何在开车时节省燃料。With great patience, he told me how to save fuel while driving.6.当我小时候，妈妈常对我讲厉行节约是一种美德。When I was young，Mother often told me that to practice thrift is a virtue.7.应该在各行各业倡导中华民族“勤俭节约”的悠久传统，和“节约光荣、浪费可耻”的思想观念。The time-honored Chinese tradition of “being diligent and thrifty” and the idea of “honor to frugality and shame to extravagance” should be promoted among all walks of life.8.各级政府官员应该严格服从节约资源的措施，坚决杜绝浪费纳税人的钱的现象。The governmental officials at all levels should strictly obey resource-saving measures and firmly eliminate the waste of taxpayers' money.▲ （本栏目供稿：王逢鑫教授）