APP下载

Units16-17相似词语辨、练、析

2008-05-13杨开成

中学英语之友·高二版 2008年4期
关键词:动名词代词介词

杨开成

1. entrance, entry

两词都有“入口;进入”之意。entrance不具体指门或大门,而笼统地指入口处。可和of连用,表示“入口”属于该物的组成部分;也可和to连用,表示通往“某处”的途径。使用时,应依句意的着眼点进行选择。该词强调“进入”的行为,如入门、入场、参战等。entrance还指某人的到来、或容许某人入内。entry可具体指入口,包括门、大门、门厅、门廊等。entry指进入组织或指进入的权力,其后多接介词into;也有准许入内的意思,但语气更为庄重。

a. We cant go along that road because the sign says “No ____”.

b. This did a good deal of damage to the ____ of the building.

c. The ____ to the hall is on your right.

d. The thieves had forced an ____ into the building.

答案:a. Entry b. entrance c. entrance d. entry

2. be known as, be known for, be known to, be known by

be known as意为“作为……知名,被称作是,大家公认为,叫作”,后接身份名词;be known for意为“因……而出名,因……而众所周知”,for表示原因;be known to意为“为……所知,……所熟知”,介词后的名词或代词表示为“谁”所知;be known by意为“凭……而知”,by表示手段或标准,作“通过,按照”解。

a. One can ____ his words and deeds.

b. He ____ the police as a thief.

c. Before liberation, this village ____ its extreme poverty.

d. He ____ a fair judge.

答案:a. be known by b. is known to c. was known for d. is known as

3. deal in, deal with, do with

deal in意为“做买卖,卖某物,经营某物”,后接经营或买卖的商品,一般不用被动语态。deal with和do with都可作“处理”解,deal with常和疑问词how连用;do with中的do为及物动词,要带宾语,故常和疑问词what连用。另外,deal with还有“和……做买卖;对付,和……打交道;涉及,论述,关于(主要指书籍、文章或演讲的内容)”等意思。

a. We dont know what to ____ waste things.

b. Such people are difficult ____.

c. Do you ____ Tom, a greedy merchant?

d. They ____ hardware but not software.

答案及解析:a. do with b. to deal with c. deal with d. deal in

4. aim at, aim for

两者的后面均可接名词、代词或动名词,都表示“目的是,旨在”的意义,一般可换用。不同的是,aim at还有“瞄准,对准”的意义,后既可跟表目的的名词,又可跟射击的目标。be aimed at是aim at的被动语态。aim for强调最终目的。总之,at强调“目标”,for强调最终目的。

a. The visit ____ expanding relation between the two countries.

b. What she ____ is to win a scholarship.

c. We ____ the completion of the task by the end of the year.

d. The hunter ____ ____ the lion and fired, but missed it.

答案及解析:a. was amed at b. is aiming at c. aim for d. aimed at

5. insist that, insist on, stick to, persist in

四者都有“坚持”之意。insist后接that从句有两种用法:一是表示“坚持说,坚决认为(主张)”,从句用陈述语气;二是表示“坚决要,坚决要求”,从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用should+动词原形,should可省略。insist on多用于坚持“意见、看法、主张”等。stick to多用于坚持“计划、决定、诺言、意见、理想或某种理论”等。persist in表示对某种活动坚持不懈或对某种信念固执不改。

a. If you ____ breaking the law, you will go to prison.

b. Its right ____ ones promise.

c. He ____ the plan be carried out at once.

d. She ____ the fact.

答案及解析:a. persist in b. to stick to c. insisted that d.insisted on

6. as a result, as a result of

as a result为“因此,结果是”;as a result of为“由于……的原因 (结果)”。

a. ____ the big fire, thousands of people lost their lives.

b. He was late for school again. ____, he was punished by the teacher.

c. She was late ____ the snow.

d. It doesnt often rain in summer here. ____, we have to water the vegetable garden.

答案及解析:a. As a result of b. As a result c. as a result of d. As a result。

7. provide, supply

provide主要指为某人、某物或某事“提供”、“供应”某物品,尤其指生活必需品,常用于provide sth. for sb.和provide sb. with sth.结构中;supply指用物“供给”、“供应”或“提供”给国家、群众、工厂、城市、市场等,以部队为对象时,往往只供给生活必需品,而不指武器。常用于supply sb. with sth.和supply sth. to/for sb.结构中。涉及到金钱时,provide往往有“免费供给”的含义;supply一般是要给钱的。

a. TV ____ a lot of entertainments to us.

b. They ____ the refugees food and medicine.

c. More and more vegetables and fruit ____ to the army.

d. Can you ____ accommodation for thirty people?

答案及解析:a. supplies b. provided c. are supplied d. provide

8. ability, capacity, talent

这组词都表示“个人的能力”。ability指人表现出来的实际能力,既指天赋能力,也指培养造就获得的本领;capacity用于物时指容纳能力,用于人时指潜在的能力,尤指接受能力、领悟性、敏感等;talent表示先天所赋予的某种特殊才能,可以经过训练或使用而有所发展和成熟。ability和talent主要用于人;capacity可用于人,也可用于物。ability后常接不定式、介词in或for;talent后通常接介词for表示“有……的天才”。

a. I think he is a man of great ____.

b. The hall has a seating ____ of 100 persons.

c. This sort of work calls for special ____.

答案及解析:a. ability b. capacity c. talents

9. help, aid, assist

这三个词的共同意思是“帮助”,help和aid既可用作名词,也可用作动词,assist只能用作动词。aid常用于很紧急或很危险的场合,意为“援助、资助,救援”,在foreign aid (外援),first aid (急救),government aid to industry (政府对工业的援助),state aid (国家援助)等短语中不能用help。assist有“从旁协助、起辅助作用”的含义,只是充当被帮助者的助手,居次要地位。help最常用,常指出于好意或同情而做出的行为,意为“帮助,救援”。

a. She was delighted to ____ him with his English.

b. He ____ me to clean the rooms.

c. The stricken ship sent an SOS for immediate ____.

d. I couldnt have done it without your ____.

答案及解析:a. assist/aid/help b. assisted/helped c. aid d. help

10. damage, destroy, harm

damage指因“损害、损坏”而减少或使之失去使用价值、用途等。这种“损伤”多为局部性的,充当宾语的名词一般为非生物名词。destroy指十分彻底地破坏,不能或很难修复。harm“损害、伤害、危害”,多指给人精神上造成痛苦和苦恼等。

a. What you said has ____ her.

b. The fire ____ several houses.

c. An explosion ____ the engine.

答案及解析:a. harmed b. damaged c. destroyed

11. be used to, get used to, used to

be used to是“习惯于”的意思,可用于各种时态,其中to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词;be used to有时是动词use的被动形式,有“被用来……”的意思,to为动词不定式符号。get used to意为“习惯于”,表示一个动作,说明由不习惯到习惯的转变,其后接名词、代词或动名词,常用于将来时和完成时中。used to意为“过去常常”,表示过去存在但现在已不存在的情况或习惯,to为不定式符号,后跟动词原形。

a. There ____ be many people smoking in the office, but now no- body is allowed to.

b. Ive ____ living here.

c. Weve ____ hard work.

答案及解析:a. used to b. got used to c. been used to

12. join, join in, take part in, attend, participate

四者都可译成“参加”,但意义和用法有异。join意为“加入某一组织,成为其中一员”,join后可接表示人的名词或代词,表示加入到某人或某些人的行列中去。join in表示“加入”,“参与”某种活动,in之后可接名词或动词的-ing形式,表示“参加某人的活动”,可以说join sb. in (doing) sth.。take part in指参加会议或群众性活动,重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。join in后可以不跟宾语,take part in后必须跟宾语。attend意为“出席,参加”,指参加会议或仪式、婚礼、葬礼,典礼、上课、上学、听报告等,强调的是这一动作本身,而不强调参加者在活动中起作用。participate指以主人或主角的身分、或姿态“参加”或“参与”某项活动并在其中发挥作用。一般不指参加某个团体或组织,其后接介词in,可与take part in换用,但后者更口语化。

a. She actively ____ in local politics.

b. When will you ____ the meeting?

c. Let me ____.

d. Were going swimming. Will you come and ____ us?

e. My elder brother ____ the army last year.

f. All the children of school-age in our village have ____ school.

答案及解析:a. participates b. take part in(attend) c. join in d. joine. joined f. attended

猜你喜欢

动名词代词介词
介词不能这样用
这样将代词考分收入囊中
英语代词用法练习
初中英语动名词的用法
英语中“动词+ing”的语法功能
神奇的V-ing
人称代词专练
介词填空专练
看图填写介词